ON THE MIGRATIONS OF RACES. 327 



peans, presumes a migration of tlie former in the earliest dawn of an- 

 tiquity. 



In our opinion, it was this race which first gave the migratory im- 

 pulse to the men inhabiting the Old World. The members of this race 

 are well known to be almost exclusively nomads, whose support is 

 derived from the abundance of their herds and the fertility of their 

 pastures. It would only need one bad year, or a plague among their 

 flocks, to constrain these powerful hordes to invade the territory of 

 their neighbors and expel them from their lands. These latter were 

 compelled in a similar manner to press upon tJieir neighbors, where- 

 upon the various tribes were set in motion upon every side. 



If we regard the Indo-Europeans as neighbors of the Upper Asiatics, 

 and the Semitic and Hamitic peoples next to them, we can under- 

 stand how in consequence of a pressure of the Upper Asiatics on the 

 Indo-Europeans these must again impinge upon the Semitic and Hamit- 

 ic race. Whereas the latter were pushed toward Africa, where they 

 imparted their migratory motion to the autochthonous races, as de- 

 scribed above, the Semitic pressed into the seats occupied before by 

 the Hamites, and allowed the Indo-Europeans room to expand un- 

 hindered east and west. Thus they in turn urged the Dravidas on one 

 side into India, and on the other various tribes into Europe, compelling 

 those migrations which we have briefly sketched above. 



After this first migration of the Upper Asiatic races, which oc- 

 curred before the commencement of the civilizations of China and 

 Egypt, we encounter a second which originated those commonly known 

 ethnic movements which can be more closely followed, as they fall 

 within the historic period. 



In consequence of this migration, the Hungarians and Osmanli 

 reached the grounds occupied by them, and there was caused, through 

 the entrance of the Germanic and Slavic peoples into the heart of Eu- 

 rope, that intermixture in consequence of which the Roman people 

 arose, and the various Germanic and Slavic tribes attained their 

 marked individuality. 



As to the last of the races, the' central or midland, it appears that 

 their primitive seats should be looked for in the Armenian highlands. 

 The migration from this center of the four branches of this race, viz., 

 the Basques, the so-called Caucasians, the Hamito-Semites, and the 

 Indo-Europeans, can thus be easily understood, though the displace- 

 ment of this original seat farther east would certainly make the dis- 

 tribution of the Indo-Europeans, if not that of the other three, more 

 comprehensible. 



From the midland tribes the Basques first separated, turning to- 

 ward the west, to Europe ; the Caucasians followed, and their hordes, 

 pushing to the north, found in the mountains of Caucasus a barrier 

 Avhich permitted them to extend their limits but slowly. The two re- 

 maining clans, viz., the Hamito-Semitic and Indo-Europeans, were 



