PALEONTOLOGICAL DISCO VERY. 



375 



Kner, Ludwig, Peters, Portis, Maack, Salenka, Zittel, and many oth- 

 ers ; in Holland by Winkler ; in Denmark by Reinhardt ; and in Rus- 

 sia by Brandt and Kowalewsky. 



The fossil invertebrates have been investigated with care by D'Ar- 

 chiac, D'Orbigny, Bayle, Fromentel, Oustalet, and others in France ; 

 Desor, Loriol, Mayer, Ooster, and Roux in Switzerland ; Capellini, 

 Massalongo, Michellotti, Meneghini, and Sismonda in Italy ; Barrande, 

 Benecke, Beyrich, Dames, Dorn, Ehlers, Geinitz, Giebel, Gilmbel, 

 Feistmantel, Hagen, Von Hauer, Von Heyden, Von Fritsch, Laube, 

 Oppel, Quenstedt, Roemer, Schliiter, Suess, Speyer, and Zittel in Ger- 

 many. The fossil plants have been studied in these countries by Mas- 

 salongo, Saporta, Zigno, Fiedler, Goldenberg, Gehler, Heer, Goppert, 

 Ludwig, Schimper, Schenk, and many others. 



Among the recent researches in paleontology in other regions may 

 be mentioned those of Blanford, Feistmantel, Lydekker, and Stoliczka 

 in India ; Haast and Hector in New Zealand ; and Krefft and McCoy 

 in Australia — all of whom have published valuable results. 



Of the progress of paleontology in America I have thus far said 

 nothing, and I need now say but little, as many of you are doubtless 

 familiar with its main features. During the first and second periods 

 in the history of paleontology, as I have defined them, America, for 

 most excellent reasons, took no part. In the present century, during 

 the third period, appear the names of Bigsby, Green, Morton, Mitchell, 

 Rafinesque, Say, and Troost, all of whom deserve mention. More 

 recently the researches of Conrad, Dana, Deane, DeKay, Emmons, 

 Gibbes, Hitchcock, Holmes, Lea, McChesney, Owen, Redfield, Rogers, 

 Rominger, Shumard, Swallow, and many others have enlarged our 

 knowledge of the fossils of this country. 



The contributions of James Hall to the invertebrate paleontology 

 of this country form the basis of our present knowledge of the subject. 

 The extensive labors of Meek in the same department are likewise 

 entitled to great credit, and will form an impoitant chapter in the his- 

 torj^ of the science. The memoirs of Billings, Gabb, Scudder, White, 

 and Whitfield are numerous and important ; and the publications of 

 Derby, Hartt, Hyatt, James, Miller, Shaler, Rathbun, Vogdes, Whit- 

 eaves, and Winchell, are also of value. To Dawson, Lesquereux, and 

 Newberry we mainly owe our present knowledge of the fossil plants 

 of this country. 



The foundation of our vertebrate paleontology was laid by Leidy, 

 whose contributions have enriched nearly every department of the 

 subject. The numerous publications of Cope are well known. Agas- 

 siz, Allen, Baird, Dawson, Deane, DeKay, Emmons, Gibbes, Harlan, 

 Hitchcock, Jefferson, Lea, Le Conte, Newberry, Redfield, St. John, 

 Warren, Whitney, Worthen, Wyman, and others have all added to 

 our knowledge of American fossil vertebrates. The chief results in 



