THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN IN NORTH AMERICA. 327 



of invariable application, however the supposed " reject " occurred, 

 then the whole matter would be brought to a quick conclusion. But 

 the " reject " theory has utterly failed of establishment. The typ- 

 ical paleolithic implement is not characteristic of the refuse of an 

 arrow-maker's workshop site, and the familiar arrow points of small 

 size, nor even the long, thin blades of several times their length, 

 were reduced from masses greatly larger than the desired form. 

 The refuse of many a chipping site shows this conclusively; and, as 

 hundreds of failures demonstrate, many an arrowhead was made 

 from a pebble but a trifle larger than the finished object. 



But admit, for argument's sake, the identity in shape of a " re- 

 ject " and a " paleolithic " implement; this does not prove their iden- 

 tity in age and origin, and it is not an unwarranted or illogical sug- 

 gestion to draw a distinction between the two, where the conditions 

 under which they occur suggest a possibility of diverse history. 

 Rather than demonstrating that all rudely chipped stones are " fail- 

 ures," it should be shown that paleolithic man, as we know of him 

 in Europe, could not possibly have existed here. This has not only 

 never been attempted, but the conditions during and immediately 

 subsequent to the glaciation of the river valley have been asserted, 

 time and again, to have been favorable for man's existence. Fur- 

 thermore, it has not been shown that a typical paleolithic implement 

 could not have been available on this continent, as it undoubtedly 

 was in Europe, as an effective weapon, and it must be remembered 

 that the fauna of the Delaware Valley was, in glacial times, very 

 like that of parts of Europe in what we may call the reindeer period. 

 Like conditions may not have produced like results in the case of 

 early man, but what was practicable in Europe was certainly so in 

 America, and the question resolves itself into that of determining 

 if any trace of man that has been discovered in the valley of the 

 Delaware can be dated back to a time preceding the Indian as he 

 was wdien first he came in contact with the European. Did, in other 

 words, the Indian' bring his art with him from Europe or Asia, or 

 did he experience a growth in. culture from paleolithic simplicity 

 to neolithic complexity? 



The whole subject hinges on the distribution of these traces of 

 man. If from the first day of his occupancy until the European 

 replaced the Indian the immediate valley of the river had under- 

 gone no change, then the imperishable relics of the first and last 

 savage would remain associated, and position alone would tell noth- 

 ing concerning any particular object's age or origin, but, at the pres- 

 ent day, except the contents of graves, not a stone implement of 

 the Delaware Indians rests where chance or tlie intention of its one- 

 time owner placed it. Indeed, save a few bowlders of the largest 



