RACE QUESTIONS IN PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 477 



earlier residence tliere tlie people on the streets stared at him, and 

 some of the boys threw stones or stuck out their tongues at him. 

 He did not, however, care for that, while he expected that the better 

 circles would convince him of the superiority and the innate tact 

 of the lordly race by their more refined behavior. But it did not 

 turn out so. He saw the ladies in the saloons tittering behind their 

 fans and making merry over " the queer man." And then at the 

 table! How plain was the expression of astonishment among the 

 gentlemen of the saloons that the brown man behaved in his eating 

 just as the whites did! They had apparently anticipated that the 

 " black " w^ould act as if he were tearing live pigeons to pieces and 

 swallowing them. The indolence of the Europeans is shown up 

 no less amusingly. Luna finds it apparent in all conditions, pre- 

 vailing in the highest and the lowest social strata. He asks what 

 would become of the industry and activity of the European peoples 

 if they w^ere suddenly given the climate and the fruitfulness of his 

 native land. These two examples are all we can give. Likewise 

 interesting are the studies of my Tagalog friends Don Marcelo H. 

 del Pilar and Don Mariano Ponce. The former, an advocate from 

 the province of Bulakan, in the island of Luzon, and a descendant 

 of King Lakandola, of Manila, was the leader of the Reformist 

 party and the chief editor of the journal La SoUdaridad, published 

 in Madrid, which he directed with a remarkable skill that was rec- 

 ognized by his opponents. He died in Barcelona in the summer 

 of 1896. His compeer. Ponce, is now living in Japan and is no less 

 distinguished than Pilar for his keen wit and his zeal in research. 

 These two Malay jurists carefully examined the criminal records 

 of Europe. Why? Because, whenever an extraordinary or espe- 

 cially heinous crime was committed in the Philippine Islands, the 

 Spaniards were accustomed to use it to confirm their conclusions 

 as to the innate inferiority of the Malay race. " That could occur 

 only among a people of inferior intelligence," was their standing 

 phrase. Del Pilar and Ponce gathered the accounts of trials from 

 the European journals, and were able to reply to the Spaniards 

 quietly: "No, that is not so. All these crimes occur among you 

 Europeans, and relatively more frequently than with us. Your 

 conclusion is therefore false, or else you too have a defective in- 

 telligence such as you ascribe to us." Del Pilar, from his studies of 

 the colonial enterprises of all peoples, came to the conclusion that 

 " the Europeans founded most of their colonies at a time when the 

 holding in vassalage of men of their own race by whites and the 

 slavery of negroes and Indians were not regarded as offenses. If, 

 now, we look at colonies in which, as in the Philippine Islands, agri- 

 cultural populations are living with a civilization of their own, the 



