48o POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



among ns he would write in his notebook that ' the stupidity of 

 these people shows itself in the fact that they do not know or have 

 no names for many of the flowers which they see every day and 

 tread upon with their clumsy feet. What can not be eaten or put 

 to some immediate use has very little value or interest to these fel- 

 lows, and such dull-witted folk as these want reform and autonomy ! ' 

 And he would be only a modest traveler. Another one would write 

 a whole chapter over the incident, as illustrating the inferiority of 

 all our people." 



I might continue at greater length on this theme, but I believe 

 that the reader will sufficiently apprehend from what I have said 

 that the European and American whites have not made a good im- 

 pression on the colored Filipinos, and that the Philippine Creoles feel 

 as one with their colored brethren; that there is no spirit of caste 

 in the matter like that which existed in the old colonial times, but 

 they all call themselves simply Filipinos, and that the rule of the 

 American Anglo-Saxons, who regard even the Creoles as a kind of 

 " niggers," would be looked upon by educated Filipinos of all castes 

 as a supreme loss of civic rights. — Translated for the Popular Science 

 Mordlily from the Deutsche Rundschau. 



DO ANIMALS REAS0:N'? 



Br EDWARD THORNDIKE, Ph. D. 



PROBABLY every reader who owns a dog or cat has already 

 answered the question which forms our title, and the chance 

 is ten to one that he has answered, " Yes." In spite of the declara- 

 tions of the psychologists from Descartes to Lloyd Morgan, the man 

 who likes his dog and the woman who pets a cat persist in the belief 

 that their pets carry on thinking processes similar, at least in kind, 

 to our own. And if one has nothing more to say for the opposite 

 view than the stock arguments of the psychologists, he will make 

 few converts. A series of experiments carried on for two years 

 have, I hope, given me some things more to say — some things which 

 may interest the believer in reason in animals, even if they do not 

 convert him. 



In trying to find out what sort of thinking animals were capable 

 of I adopted a novel but very simple method. Dogs and cats were 

 shut up, when hungry, in inclosurcs from which they could escape 

 by performing some simple act, such as pulling a wire loop, stepping 

 on a platform or lever, clawing down a string stretched across the 

 inclosure, turning a wooden button, etc. In each case the act set 



