ARE JEWS JEWS? 507 



tlie broad-headod. Prof. Karl Pearson, in liis Chances of Death 

 (voL i, page 205), has given the following sexual ratios of the supe- 

 riority of English, German, and French men over the opposite sex: 



Brain weight. . 

 Skull capacity. 

 Stature 



English. 



1.120 

 1.179 

 1.081 



German. 



1.117 

 1.126 



1.078 



French. 



1.125 

 1.164 

 1.069 



In other words, men's skulls contain about eight per cent more and 

 their brains weigh four per cent more than women's, even allowing 

 for the difference in height. So, too, there is a uniform increase 

 of cubic capacity from the skulls of the Australians (75 cubic centi- 

 metres) up to the Teutons (93.5 cubic centimetres).* The same 

 authority gives the average weight of brain in a number of brachy- 

 cephalic individuals as 1,314 grammes, as against 1,287 grammes 

 for dolichocephalic cases.f Professor Pearson points out that the 

 higher the caste in India the broader the skull, the Brahmans being 

 highest, with an index of 78.86, according to the measurements of 

 Pisley. The same w^riter gives a long list (page 290) of the in- 

 dexes of skulls of some thirty-seven races, ranging from Australians 

 at the bottom of the list, with 70.34, and headed by mediaeval Jews 

 (only twelve skulls), with an index of 84.74. Every indication 

 seems to point out that in races where progress depends upon brain, 

 rather than muscle the brain-box broadens out as a natural conse- 

 quence. Little investigation has as yet been made as to the influ- 

 ence of brain development on the form of the skull, but what little 

 has been done all points in the same direction. Dr. Giulio Chia- 

 rugi :|: has made some careful measurements of twenty-one brains, 

 and has shown that in every instance there is much greater com- 

 plexity of the cerebral convolutions in the brachycephalic as com- 

 pared with the dolichocej^halic skulls, in which the brains were con- 

 tained. Erom the nature of the sutures of the skull it is tolerably 

 obvious that if brain capacity produces an enlargement of brain, 

 the consequent internal pressure on the skull will be lateral and 

 tend to produce brachycephalism. The application of all this to 

 the case of Jews seems obvious. If they had been forced by perse- 

 cution to become mainly blacksmiths, one would not have been sur- 

 prised to find their biceps larger than those of other folk; and simi- 

 larly, as they have been forced to live by the exercise of their brains, 

 one should not be surprised to find the cubic capacity of their skulls 

 larger than that of their neighbor's. When it is remembered that 



* Topinard, Elements d'Anthropologie, 1885, p. 612. f Ibid., p. 568. 



\ La Forma del Cervello umano e le variazioni correlative del Cranio, b'iena, 1886. 



