LÖNNBERG AND RENDAHL, ORNITHOLOGY OF ECUADOR. 3 



coincides with the tropical forest belt. Then follows the 

 subtropical zone up to a height of about 9000 — 9500 feet, 

 characterised by the mountainous rain forest, which is especi- 

 ally rich in tree-ferns. Above this is the temperate zone 

 extending on the western side up to an altitude of approxi- 

 mately 13000 feet, and in the inter-Andean valley about 12000 

 feet. In this arboreal growth is chiefly represented by bushes. 

 Above this follows the so called Påramo zone. 



The birds of the Påramo Zone. 



Podiceps calipareiLS *Upucerthia exelsior 

 *Attagis chimborazénsis Cinclodes fuscuts alhidiventris 



Theristicus hranickii Leptasthenura andicola 



*Erisniatura aequatorialis *Siptorni8 flammulata 



Vultur gryphits Myiotheretes erythropygius 



*Laticauda tyrianthina quitensis'^ * Muscisaxicola alpina 

 *Oreotrochilus chimborazo Cistothorus cequatorialis'^ 



* » » jamesoni Anthus bogotensis^ 



* » » söderatrömi Phrygilus unicolor 

 *Chalco8tigma atanleyi 



Among these birds, which belong to the Påramo zone, 

 there are, not counting the widely spread Condor, only three 

 species which in identical races are recorded by Chapmax for 

 the corresponding zone in Colombia viz. Leptasthenura andi- 

 cola, Cistothorus aeqicatorialis and Anthus hogotensis, and three 

 from the Urubamba valley of Peru, viz. Theristicus branickii, 

 Myiotheretes erythropygius and Phrygilus unicolor, while some 

 other species are represented by related races. But not less 

 than ten forms appear to be endemic (marked with an asterisc), 

 which certainly is to be regarded as a very high percent. This 

 seems also to indicate, that the wanderings of the birds along 

 the Andes in this zone are not very lively, contrary to what 

 might be supposed, as undoubtedly similar conditions of life 

 ought to prevail along väst stretches of the mountain chain. 



The birds of the Temperate Zone. 



Nothocercus Julius^ (C) Metriopelia melanoptera saturatior^ 



Nothoprocta curvirostria^ Fulica ardesiaca (P)^»^ 



Columba albilinea (C P)^ Podilymbus podiceps 



^ Also ranging into the temperate and by Chapman recorded for the same. 

 ' Ranging into subtropical zone. 

 ^ Ranging into the Påramo zone. 



