586 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



nor could this " exceedingly defective and erroneous " tran- 

 script be expected to gain his approval. About forty years 

 later his son produced a corrected and extended edition, but 

 in neither case is the work more than a series of disconnected 

 accounts of the anatomy of selected animals, and as such is 

 inferior to the treatise of the Parisian anatomists produced 

 eighty years before. An earlier but brief essay, De Anatome 

 Comparata, was published by Albinus in 171 9, on the occasion 

 of his taking over, in his twenty-third year, the duties of Pro- 

 fessor of Anatomy and Surgery in the University of Leyden. 



What merit the period 1 700-1 750 possesses is due largely 

 in the earlier years to overlapping from the preceding century 

 of the works of Leeuwenhoek, Duverney, Ruysch, Mery, Tyson, 

 Peyer, Swammerdam, Charleton, Ray, Lister, Grew, Hooke, 

 and Schelhammer. Muralt, C. Bartholinus, M. B. Valentini, 

 and Vallisnieri, however, all survived beyond 1725, and 

 therefore link up the two half-centuries the more effectually. 

 The publications belonging strictly to the present period 

 include those of Douglas, Stukeley, Sellius, Cheseldon, Artedi, 

 Morgagni, Baker, Trembley, Hales, Reaumur, J. G. Duvernoy, 

 Monro primus, and Lieberkuhn. With the last named we 

 have inaugurated the study of refined microscopic anatomy. 

 The list is not a distinguished one, and is characteristic of the 

 comparative inertia of the period. On the other hand the 

 close of the half-century is more promising, and witnesses the 

 active arrival of Roesel, Buffon, Lyonet, Von Haller, Ellis, 

 Needham, F. D. Herissant, Daubenton, W. Hunter, Bonnet, 

 and Camper. It is evident the stagnation is not to last. 

 \ x The next period of fifty years, 1 750-1 800, contrasts favour- 

 ably with the monotony of the preceding half-century, and 

 the generation of the impulse which was to develop into the 

 great revival of the nineteenth century is no longer in doubt. 

 The birth-rate, which dropped at 1650 and has since been 

 steadily maintained at the lower level, rises again at about 

 1770, but the effects of the rise naturally concern the following 

 century. The present period opens with a sudden access of 

 activity which slackens off at the end of the first decade. 

 Nevertheless the movement rapidly gathers momentum, and 

 suddenly swings up to a very high maximum in the first half 

 of the nineteenth century. Some notable personages now 

 make their earlier^appearances in public. First comes Dau- 



