596 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



that time, but to the example of Linnaeus and Buffon, who 

 diverted the labours of their contemporaries into natural history- 

 channels . On the other hand the nineteenth-century revival 

 is conspicuous both in the anatomical and museum graphs. 

 In the latter the period lies between 1809 and 1847, and, 

 curiously enough, not only does the maximum height occur 

 at exactly the same year in both, i.e. 1835, but from this point 

 each records a sharp decline. 



Explanation of the Figures 



In all the diagrams except fig. 10 each of the small black 

 squares represents one publication. The horizontal scale 

 gives the period, and the vertical scale the number of works 

 published in any year. In figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 10 the irregu- 

 larities of the graphs have been smoothed down by taking 

 three-yearly averages, e.g. the total for 1800 is the average 

 of 1779, 1800, and 1 80 1. These curves, for the sake of com- 

 parison, have been placed over their appropriate graphs. 

 Fig. 1 includes all the records for all countries. In figs. 2, 3, 

 and 4 the publications of England, France, and Germany 

 have been isolated and plotted separately, and similarly in 

 % s - 5-9 the works relating to fishes, amphibia, reptiles, birds, 

 and mammals have been detached and charted. The totals 

 in brackets represent the number of publications included in 

 each graph. Fig. 10 records the dates on which the various 

 scientific societies concerned more or less with zoology and 

 anatomy first began to publish their Proceedings and Trans- 

 actions, and also the dates of foundation of those journals 

 devoted mainly or otherwise to the same sciences. 





