THE JAW OF THE PILTDOWN MAN 405 



upper canine, but by the lateral incisor. Hence it is that in 

 no two canines, even in the same jaw, are the results of wear 

 the same. This being so, even if the Piltdown jaw were 

 indubitably that of a chimpanzee, it would be unreasonable 

 to expect to find its exact counterpart in modern chimpanzees. 

 There is nothing, in short, in the character of the worn surface 

 of this tooth which is inconsistent with the position in the 

 lower jaw which has been assigned to it. 



That this canine is not that of a chimpanzee is surely 

 abundantly proved by the fact that it lacks all traces of the 

 " heel " at the postero-external angle of the base, as was pointed 

 out by Dr. Smith Woodward, as well as of the " cingulum " 

 which is present in the canine of all chimpanzees, in some 

 examples of which it is extremely well developed. 



While I am convinced of the correctness of Dr. Smith 

 Woodward's interpretation as to the cause of the wear in 

 the Piltdown tooth, the worn surface of the teeth in the jaw 

 in Lord Rothschild's collection, already referred to, lends 

 colour to the contention of Prof. Keith that this wear was 

 caused, not by the upper canine, but by the upper lateral 

 incisor. That, however, is a matter of detail of no great 

 importance. 



Mr. Miller may urge that my arguments do not affect his 

 case in the least, since he associates this tooth with the upper, 

 and not with the lower jaw. But there is, if possible, even 

 less to support him in this view. Nevertheless Mr. Miller is 

 not alone in this association, but it is almost incredible that 

 it should have received serious consideration. Those who 

 hold this opinion, indeed, do so either because they have 

 not had an opportunity of studying the actual tooth, or from 

 a wholly insufficient examination of the evidence afforded by 

 the canine of the chimpanzee. 



In the first place the root of the Piltdown tooth, both in 

 its curvature and in its section, is quite unlike what is demanded 

 of an upper canine, since it has a strong outward and only a 

 very slight backward curvature, and presents a very conspicu- 

 ous flattening throughout its entire internal aspect. In the 

 second place the condition of its worn surface is quite incon- 

 sistent with a position in the upper jaw. In all the jaws of 

 chimpanzees which I have examined the wear of the upper 

 canine, where it is at all comparable to that of the Piltdown 



