4 o6 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



tooth, ends abruptly, forming an overhanging ledge at the 

 base of the tooth, whereas in the Piltdown tooth it presents 

 a continuous curve. But, further, the worn surface of the 

 Piltdown tooth looks backwards and outwards, a form of 

 wear impossible in an upper canine, while it is demonstrably 

 possible in a lower canine. The jaw in the College of Surgeons 

 already referred to (No. i, Du Chaillu Coll. Gaboon, Male) 

 shows a lower canine which in this matter of wear is almost 

 identical with that of the Piltdown tooth ; it differs, indeed, 

 only in that its posterior external edge is slightly worn appar- 

 ently by the upper canine, the rest of the surface seeming to 

 have been worn by the upper lateral incisor. The upper 

 canines of this skull have been broken and worn to mere 

 stumps, yet showing a form closely resembling the upper 

 canine postulated by Dr. Smith Woodward in his restoration 

 of the Piltdown skull. 



Two points of paramount importance in the conformation 

 of the Piltdown jaw have been entirely overlooked by Mr. 

 Miller. The first of these concerns the conformation of the 

 inner surface of the body of the jaw. In chimpanzees this 

 shows very striking differences, forming, when extremes are 

 compared, two well-marked types (fig. 3) . In the one (fig. 3, A) 

 the inter-ramal area, from the symphysis backwards as far as 

 the level of M2, has a curiously inflated appearance, so that 

 the teeth seem to arise from a cushion-like bed, which, an- 

 teriorly, overhangs the genial pit. In the other this inner 

 wall may dip downwards from the teeth almost as abruptly 

 as in human jaws (fig. 3, B). But even here the differences 

 between the human and the chimpanzee jaw are readily 

 apparent, since in the chimpanzee this inner wall shelves 

 downwards, and inwards, towards the symphysis, which is 

 always much deeper, and never so steep, as the human 

 jaw. As to the actual symphysis in the Piltdown jaw no 

 positive statements can be made, but there can be no possi- 

 bility of doubt about the human character of the whole 

 region in question which has been preserved. Mr. Miller's 

 photographs of the inner aspects of the jaws, which he uses 

 to demonstrate the community of descent between the owner 

 of the Piltdown jaw and modern chimpanzees, succeed only 

 in demolishing the theory which he has been at such pains 

 to elaborate. For one can see at a glance, by the high lights, 



