494 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



62 per cent, and 15 per cent, and in Glasgow 67 per cent, and 19 per cent, of the 

 total sums received were allocated by the Trustees to what have been termed 

 the primary and ancillary objects respectively. The remaining 23 per cent, and 

 14 per cent, in the two institutions have gone mainly to the maintenance of the 

 libraries and other purposes in which the two sides share more or less indefinitely. 

 In neither institution was any money given definitely to benefit what have been 

 termed the classical group of studies. 



If this had been the interpretation adopted generally, and subsequently to 1913, 

 by the Carnegie Trustees, certainly no one would have been disposed to criticise 

 them, or submit the legality of their operations to the test of the powers respon- 

 sible for the observance of the Trust Laws of Scotland. Neither would there 

 have been any disposition to examine with a microscope the exact apportioning of 

 the moneys between the two sides. If they had secured a broad common-sense 

 distribution among the primary and ancillary objects, the gift was handsome 

 enough in amount not to necessitate the making of fine distinctions. But this 

 interpretation has not been followed, either universally, or subsequently to 1913. 

 In the University of Aberdeen for the whole period up to September 30, 1918, 

 covering the first three quinquennial and.interim distributions, only 23 per cent, 

 has been allocated to the primary object, while 46 per cent, has gone to the 

 ancillary object. The maintenance of the Library has taken 12 per cent., and 

 there remains 19 per cent. This has been allocated for the erection of new 

 buildings and examination hall for Arts subjects and an extension of the Library, 

 objects which, in so far as they are not illegitimate, are ancillary. So also, since 

 1913, it is in Glasgow and Edinburgh. The former is given 90 per cent, of its 

 total allocation for five years to " Buildings for Faculty of Arts and Department of 

 Zoology," and Edinburgh 65 per cent, to " Chemical Department and Arts accom- 

 modation." As regards St. Andrews and Dundee, the position in the main is 

 between that of Aberdeen, on the one hand, and Edinburgh and Glasgow on the 

 other. But the practice of slumping legitimate and questionable expenditure 

 under one head, illustrated above in the case of Glasgow and Edinburgh, and the 

 payment of debts previously incurred, make a detailed analysis difficult to the 

 outsider. 



In addition to payments to the four Universities, and relatively small grants to 

 Technical Colleges and other institutions, the Carnegie Trustees administer them- 

 selves a scheme for the endowment of Research. Of a total in round figures of 

 some ,£621,400 spent under Clause A to September 30, 1915, £86,000 or some 

 14 per cen'. have been spent on the research scheme, that is, £27,000 on Fellow- 

 ships, £30,000 on Scholarships, ^21,000 on Grants in Aid, and some £8,000 on a 

 Research Laboratory of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. One 

 might fairly have expected that something more than 14 per cent, would have 

 been spent on the research scheme. The answer may be that initially Scotland 

 was ill-equipped with scientific laboratories, and these had first to be provided. 

 But now that these laboratories have been provided, the money is going to provide 

 buildings for Arts subjects to a very questionable extent, instead of to promoting 

 scientific study and research. 



But even what has been done has not been done for research so much as for 

 the teaching of research, a highly important and worthy object enough, but only 

 to be confounded with scientific research by those who have never done any or 

 even been taught the methods. Research Scholarships and Fellowships are 

 excellent in themselves, and will be even more so if, as a result of the war, some- 

 thing less like starvation awaits the holders at the end of their research training. 



