LITERARY NOTICES. 



277 



the only remaining source of subsistence. 

 They inspected and took what advantage 

 they could of every opening at the stem 

 or crack in the epidermis, or puncture made 

 by insects which deposit their eggs in the 

 skin of grapes. They regarded the epider- 

 mis of the peaches, pears, plums, and other 

 fruits having a thick covering, simply as 

 subjects for inquiry and investigation, and 

 not objects for attack. If the skin be 

 broken or removed, they will, in case of 

 need, lap and suck the juices exposed. 

 The same was also true of the grapes if 

 the skin was broken by violence or burst 

 on account of the fruit becoming overripe ; 

 the bee3 lapped and sucked the juices from 

 the exposed parts of grapes and stored it 

 in the cells for food. They made no at- 

 tempt to grasp the cuticle of grapes with 

 their mandibles or with their claws. So, in 

 every experiment, bees were found not able 

 to puncture the skins of fruits, or even to 

 take advantage of punctures made by other 

 insects, unless they were of considerable size." 



Report of the Proceedings of the Ameri- 

 can Historical Association. Second 

 Annual Meeting. By Herbert B. Ad- 

 ams, Secretary. New York : G. P. Put- 

 nam's Sons. Pp. 73. Price, 50 cents. 

 The meeting was held at Saratoga, New 

 York, from the Sth to the 10th of Septem- 

 ber, 1885, and was attended by fifty mem- 

 bers, representing various parts of the 

 country, many institutions of learning, and 

 several historical societies. The meeting 

 of the American Social Science Association 

 at the same time and place, and the attend- 

 ance of several American librarians whose 

 meeting was in session at Lake George, are 

 mentioned as features adding to the inter- 

 est of the occasion; and the organization 

 of the American Economic Association un- 

 der the same roof with, and in the reading- 

 rooms of, the American Historical Associa- 

 tion, at hours not conflicting with the lattcr's 

 appointments, was another notable event in 

 the records of the conventions. All of these 

 bodies are in harmony with one another, 

 and to a certain extent co-operative and 

 complementary of each other's efforts. The 

 report contains abstracts of the papers that 

 were read at the meeting : By President 

 Andrew D. White, on " The Influence of 

 American Ideas upon the French Revolu- 



tion"; by Goldwin Smith, on "The Politi- 

 cal History of Canada " ; by Jeffrey R. 

 Bracket, on " Certain Studies in the Insti- 

 tution of African Slavery in the United 

 States " ; by Justin Winsor, on certain old 

 maps ; by Professor Tuttle, of Cornell Uni- 

 versity, on new materials for the history 

 of Frederick the Great of Prussia; by Pro- 

 fessor Emerton, of Harvard University, on 

 Janssen's account of the Protestant Refor- 

 mation, and the work of Luther ; by Bishop 

 Robertson, on " The Purchase of Louisiana, 

 and its Effects upon the American System" ; 

 by Miss Lucy M. Salmon, on " The History 

 of the Appointing Power of the President " ; 

 by John Addison Porter, on " The City of 

 Washington : its Origin and Administra- 

 tion " ; by Mr. Irving Elting, on " Dutch 

 Village Communities on the Hudson Riv- 

 er " ; by Dr. Josiah Royce, on " The Secret 

 History of the Acquisition of California " ; 

 by Dr. J. F. Jameson, on the study of the 

 constitutional and political history of the 

 individual States ; by Dr. Edward Chan- 

 ning, on his index of maps bearing on our 

 early history ; by President White, on 

 "The Development of the Modern Comct- 

 ary Theory " ; by General Cullum, on the 

 disposal of Burgoyne's troops after the 

 Saratoga Convention of 1777; by the Hon. 

 Eugene Schuyler, on " Materials for Ameri- 

 can History in Foreign Archives." The 

 reading of several of these papers was fol- 

 lowed by interesting discussions. Davis R. 

 Duvey made a report on a proposed "His- 

 tory of American Political Economy," which 

 had been undertaken by Dr. Ely, Mr. Wood- 

 son Wilson, and himself. An historical map 

 of Pennsylvania, by Mr. P. W. Sheafer, was 

 exhibited and described. The Association 

 recommended the organization of local his- 

 torical societies, and the careful collection 

 and preservation by them of everything 

 which is or may become of historical inter- 

 est, or a source of historical knowledge ; it 

 passed a testimonial resolution in honor of 

 Leopold von Ranke, whom it elected its first 

 honorary member ; and it suggested to the 

 Government the advisability of cataloguing 

 all documents relating to the history of the 

 United States down to 1S00, existing in the 

 official and private archives of Europe, and 

 of copying and printing the most important 

 of them. 



