348 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



with some colored race. The Portuguese, like their neo-Latin kins- 

 men, have ever been known to mingle their blood with that of aliens 

 in all parts of the world. In Brazil, on this continent, they are largely 

 represented in combination with both the Indian and the negro, while 

 instances are not wanting in which the blood of the three is blended 

 in various proportions. In Africa the same people has mixed with the 

 natives of both the east and west coasts. In Asia, though none of 

 their colonies are large, compared with those of England, their position 

 was one of influence before the stream of exploration had drawn other 

 nationalities eastward. The Malay word mandarin, so associated in 

 our minds with the despotic system of the extreme Orient, was one of 

 the prizes of early Portuguese exploration, and it is one of several 

 terms and phrases which the daring countiymen of Camoens have, by 

 origination or adaptation, caused to pass current in the whole world 

 of commerce and diplomacy. Even in lands where their influence has 

 waned, the vestiges of their former power remain in the language of 

 the people. On landing at Batavia in the autumn of 1878, Mr. IT. O. 

 Forbes heard here and there, amid the Babel of foreign tongues that 

 assailed his ears, " a Portuguese word still recognizable, even after the 

 changes of many centuries, veritable fossils imbedded in the language 

 of a race, where now no recollection or knowledge of the peoples who 

 left them exists." And at a later date, while visiting the shops and 

 offices of Dilley, in Timor, he was astonished " to find all business con- 

 ducted, not as in the Dutch possessions, in the lingua franca of the 

 Archipelago, Malay, but in Portuguese." * Where the Portuguese 

 have imposed their language, it is only to be expected that they have 

 to some extent mingled their blood with that of the people who speak 

 it. In Goa, Hindostan, Macao, China, famous from its association 

 with Camoens, and in the scattered insular possessions of Portugal, as 

 well as in other parts of the East, there is a considerable population 

 of Portuguese half-castes. Among the six millions of the Philippines, 

 Spanish mestizos are also numerous. In Manila, the capital, they form 

 a considerable proportion of its population of one hundred and eighty 

 thousand. Of people of Dutch mixed with native blood there must 

 be a good many in the Dutch East Indies. The Griquas of South 

 Africa form, however, the most interesting example of a Dutch half- 

 breed community. In Japan there is also a population of partially 

 Dutch descent. Intermarriage between the ruling and the subject 

 race in Hindostan, though not so frequent as it would be in like cir- 

 cumstances if any of the neo-Latin races held the position of the Eng- 

 lish, is by no means unknown, nor, where the social conditions are on 

 a par, is there any degradation attached to it. Ceylon furnishes many 

 examples of mixed blood, the European element being Dutch, Portu- 

 guese, or English. The extent to which the East and West have 

 amalgamated west of the Arabian Sea it is impossible to say, but, if 

 * "A Naturalist's Wanderings in the Eastern Archipelago," pp. 6, 417. 



