54 6 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



maintained are simple : exercise of various kinds, in alternation with 

 rest, cold water, and strict attention to diet. One of his maxims was, 

 that " work and tiring exercise are universal panaceas." 



Between the years 1756 and 1786, Tronchin, a scholar of Boer- 

 haave's, was in great repute in Paris ; he was physician to the Duke 

 of Orleans and to Voltaire, and it was owing to his advice that Vol- 

 taire went to live at Ferney. People came to consult him from distant 

 countries ; his success was extraordinary. His system consisted in 

 ordering friction, movements of various characters, exercise, long 

 walks, and certain precautions in diet. 



Fuller wrote, about the same period, on the value of exercise in the 

 cure of various illnesses, and especially in hypochondriacal and hys- 

 terical affections. He also laid great stress on riding ; indeed, he 

 established a riding-cure, which had great success among very dis- 

 tinguished persons. Tissot, of Lausanne, wrote a treatise on the health 

 of the learned, strongly impressing on the studious and sedentary the 

 duty of exercise ; he advises games of billiards, ball, shuttlecock, hunt- 

 ing, shooting, swimming, wrestling, dancing, leaping, riding, walking, 

 traveling, exercising the voice, speaking, reading aloud, declaiming, 

 and singing. Here Dr. Hiinerfauth remarks that many great physi- 

 cians in old times considered reading aloud, declaiming, and singing 

 highly beneficial to the general health. Plutarch mentions that daily 

 exercise of the voice conduces greatly to health. 



A system of gymnastics was established in Sweden by Peter Ling, 

 between 1805 and 1839. He was the son of a pastor, and devoted his 

 life to the study of exercises for the development of the human frame. 

 Swedish exercises are much used now in England. 



Massage and gymnastic exercises have more votaries in France 

 than in England. The love of sport that seems inherent in English 

 people is supposed to have obviated the necessity for a widely extended 

 system of gymnastics. Now, however, gymnastic exercises and musi- 

 cal drill are being introduced largely, and have been much appreciated, 

 not only by men and boys, but by women and girls. 



The system of massage practiced by Dr. Metzger has drawn crowds 

 to Amsterdam, and has afforded relief to great numbers of sufferers, 

 several reigning sovereigns — among others the Empress of Austria — 

 being among his patients. Dr. Hiinerfauth carries out the same sys- 

 tem at Homburg with equal success, and a member of his family de- 

 votes much of her time to relieving from charity the sufferings of the 

 peasants. 



It is necessary to beware of masseurs who have no real knowledge 

 of the art, as disastrous results follow from the violent treatment to 

 which ignorant persons subject their patients. Dr. Hiinerfauth depre- 

 cates massage by machinery, as he considers that much delicacy is 

 necessary in treating the complicated nervous system of the human 

 frame. It is curious to find how 7 much benefit many sufferers derive 



