LITERARY NOTICES. 



561 



March of each year, and is subject to cor- 

 rection till the first of July, while later in- 

 formation is admitted in the form of adver- 

 tisements up to the hour of going to press. 

 The publishers believe that the present — 

 the seventh — is an improvement upon any 

 preceding volume ; and the information has 

 been more carefully gathered, and is even 

 more trustworthy, than heretofore. There 

 have recently been added to the headings 

 descriptive of States and counties sections 

 showing, from the census of 1880, the num- 

 ber of manufacturing establishments of all 

 kinds at that time, with the amount of capi- 

 tal invested in them, the number of hands 

 employed, and the value of their annual 

 products, while the State headings show, in 

 addition to the summaries of these facts, 

 the amounts paid in wages, and the value 

 of the raw materials used. 



The Theory and Practice op Surveying. 



By J. B. Johnson, C. E. New York : 



John Wiley & Sons. Pp. 683, with 



Maps and 150 Text Illustrations. Price, 



83.50. 



The large field which the word survey- 

 ing necessarily covers, renders every at- 

 tempt at bringing all the different materials 

 together in one volume a rather difficult and 

 perplexing task. Theory and practice are, 

 in hardly any other branch of human ac- 

 tivity, so closely connected with each other 

 as they are in the execution of surveyor's 

 work, in which the most exact methods and 

 appliances have to be used in order to se- 

 cure the degree of accuracy which is al- 

 ways desirable, whether the surveying be 

 done for scientific and national purposes or 

 for the protection of private interests. 



The volume under review is designed for 

 the use of surveyors and engineers gener- 

 ally, for whom it will be a valuable refer- 

 ence-book ; but it is intended especially for 

 the use of students in engineering, who will 

 find it a complete guide in their studies, 

 containing all that should be familiar to 

 them when they enter practical life as en- 

 gineers or surveyors. 



The text is divided into fifteen chapters, 

 with some appendices and tables. All the 

 apparatus described are, when necessary, 

 shown in illustrations. The instruments 

 used by surveyors are described in the first 

 part, the first six chapters being devoted to 

 vol. xxx. — 36 



instruments for measuring distances, instru- 

 ments for determining directions, instru- 

 ments for determining horizontal lines, in- 

 struments for measuring angles, the plane- 

 table, and additional instruments used in 

 surveying and plotting. 



The second part is devoted to the meth- 

 ods which find application in surveying, the 

 separate chapters being devoted to land 

 surveying, topographical surveying by tran- 

 sit and stadia, railroad surveying, hydro- 

 graphic surveying, mining surveying, city 

 surveying, the measurement of volumes, 

 geodetic surveying, projection of maps, 

 map-lettering, and topographical symbols. 

 The chapters devoted to railroad, hydro- 

 graphic, mining, and city surveying — the 

 two latter of which the author acknowl- 

 edges have been contributed respectively by 

 C. A. Russell, C. E., U. S. Deputy Mineral 

 Surveyor of Boulder, Colorado, and Will- 

 iam Bouton, C. E., City Surveyor of St. 

 Louis, Missouri — are of special interest even 

 to practiced surveyors, as they treat of spe- 

 cial branches of surveying, about which lit- 

 tle, if any, mention is ever made in books 

 for the use of students. 



What may be called the scientific part 

 of surveying — geodetic surveying — is fully 

 treated and made comprehensible to those 

 whose purpose is not to devote themselves to 

 geodetical work exclusively, but who have, 

 all the same, to be familiar with the scopes 

 and purposes of geodetical measurements, 

 as every engineer and surveyor has to be. 



Of the appendices, one is on the judicial 

 functions of surveyors, by Justice Cooley, of 

 the Michigan Supreme Court ; the second is 

 a copy of instructions to United States 

 Deputy Mineral Surveyors for the District 

 of Colorado (1886), while two others con- 

 tain derivations and formulas. A number 

 of tables for easy reference and for prac- 

 tical use are added at the end. 



Three plates accompany the text. One 

 is an isogonic chart of the United States, 

 containing all the data accessible up to 1885, 

 reduced from the United States Coast Sur- 

 vey Chart; Plate II contains all the con- 

 ventional signs for topographical maps ; and 

 Plate III is a topographical practice survey 

 executed by the sophomore class in the 

 Polytechnic School of Washington Univer- 

 sity. The author is Professor of Civil En- 



