BIRD-MIGRATION. 803 



tive zones of Sephiroth, form the universe. The farther away from 

 the center, the more the primitive light wanes, until the periphery 

 ends in those mere negations, darkness and evil, which are the essence 

 of matter. On this, the divine agency transmitted through the Sephi- 

 roth operates after the fashion of the Aristotelian forms and, at first, 

 produces the lowest of a series of worlds. After a certain duration 

 the primitive world is demolished and its fragments used up in making 

 a better ; and this process is repeated, until at length a final world, 

 with man for its crown and finish, makes its appearance. It is need- 

 less to trace the process of retrogressive metamorphosis by which, 

 through the agency of the Messiah, the steps of the process of evolu- 

 tion here sketched are retraced. Sufficient has been said to prove that 

 the extremest realism current in the philosophy of the thirteenth cent- 

 ury can be fully matched by the speculations of our own time. — 

 Nineteenth Century. 



BIRD-MIGRATION. 



Br BARTON W. EVERHAXX. 



~VT~INE hundred and forty-one species and sub-species of birds are 

 -L-N now recognized by ornithologists as belonging to the avi-fauna 

 of North America. Eighty-two of these may be regarded as stragglers 

 from other countries, and their occurrence in North America as purely 

 accidental. Of these eighty-two species, about twenty-two have been 

 found in Greenland, fourteen in Alaska, fourteen in Florida, thirteen 

 in Texas, and the remaining ones, about a score, in various other parts 

 of the United States — only one or two in any one place, however. We 

 thus have left about eight hundred and fifty-nine species, of which this 

 continent may properly be called the habitat. 



About two hundred of these have been identified as birds of the 

 county* in which the writer lives. Twenty-six species of these two 

 hundred are pei-manently resident here — that is, they rear their young 

 here, and they or other individuals of their species remain with us 

 throughout the year. Fourteen other species visit us from the North, 

 and only in the winter. Besides the twenty-six permanent residents, 

 about seventy-five other species breed within our borders, while the 

 remaining eighty-five species are seen here only for a few days in 

 spring, and again for a short time in the fall. Twice a year they flit 

 by us like an apparition, and we ask : Whence come these birds in 

 spring ; where do they spend the summer ; and whither clo they go 

 when winter comes ? Since life of bird and man began, these ques- 

 tions have been asked and studied, but not always have the results 

 been satisfactory. 



* Monroe County, Indiana. 



