COLONIES AND THE MOTHER COUNTRY. 393 



the governor may be considered as symbolizing (in so far as he has the 

 capacity) the entire civilization of the mother country. He brings 

 much or little to the colony he comes to govern. Sometimes, as in the 

 case of Sir George Gray, he brings intellectual superiority, and he may 

 thus stimulate its literary development, but that is rare. He oftener 

 imparts an aroma of gentility that is much appreciated by a certain 

 class. He may be of practical utility by applying the experience of a 

 military engineer, as did Sir William Jervois. He may have had large 

 colonial experience, like Sir Hercules Eobinson, and use that to solve 

 the intricate political problems of his colony. If he is a collector, like 

 Sir George Gray, he may enrich it by bequests of libraries and museums. 

 If he possesses literary gifts and has passed through an eventful time, 

 he may enrich colonial history by dictating his biography, like one 

 colonial governor, or writing his reminiscences, like so many. And 

 lastly, after returning to the mother-land, he may continue to watch 

 over the interests of the colony or colonies he ruled; he may become 

 president or member of the Council of the Indies, like three viceroys of 

 Peru, or Parliamentary uncler-secretary for the colonies, like Sir James 

 Fergusson, or even his former colony's agent-general, like Sir W. 

 Robinson. In Crown colonies the chief legal and administrative offi- 

 cials are imperial appointees, and are only superseded by local ministers 

 when the colony is granted responsible government. In a unique case, 

 that of Queensland, after a constitution had been conceded, the first 

 governor took out with him the first premier; and he too was afterwards 

 able to safeguard its interests as permanent under-secretary in London. 

 The Greek metropolis sometimes sent priests to its colonies, and 

 bishops are long appointed by the mother church. During the three 

 centuries of Peruvian dependence fully one in seven bishops — one hun- 

 dred and five against seven hundred and six — were native Americans. 

 Canada seems to have at length arrived at complete independence and 

 appoints Canadians. In Australasia and South Africa the metropoli- 

 tans and most of the suffragans are still nominated in England; a dean 

 may be transferred from one colony to another as a bishop; or a small 

 and poor diocese may elect one of its incumbents. Local jealousies and 

 possibly the absence of a commanding spirit combine with the desire to 

 have the best the home church can afford to give or the colonial church 

 procure to dictate the extraneous selection. The stream of ecclesiasti- 

 cal culture flows likewise through the immigration or importation of 

 ministers of all denominations. It means, among Catholics as among 

 Protestants, the periodical addition to the spiritual wealth of the col- 

 onies of an amount of talent and high character which they would have 

 been slow to acquire by natural growth. University or collegiate pro- 

 fessors are for quite as long appointed by a committee of selection in 

 the mother country. Such men — some of them brilliant, laborious. 



