394 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



enthusiastic — are a real acquisition to communities immersed in mate- 

 rial pursuits and cut off from the movement of science in Europe, and 

 their position is deservedly high and well remunerated. Doctors, 

 lawyers, artists, teachers, experts in many departments, place the col- 

 onies in the same position relatively to less-favored communities, as the 

 sons of a squire relatively to the sons of an artisan. In this respect, as 

 in most others, a colony follows the example of the mother country. 

 The introduction of literature, the sciences and the arts into the 

 mother-land was to a large extent at all stages in its history the work of 

 aliens. It is so still; the names of Bunsen, Eosen, Max Muller, Gold- 

 stiicker, Aufrecht, and a score of others, are proofs that men as well as 

 things that are 'made in Germany' are still imported into England. 

 To descend to the mechanical arts, "the ranks of skilled workmen in 

 America were and are renewed from the more fertile soil of Europe"; 

 even the workmen in the Portland stone-quarries are imported from 

 England. The second mode in which foreign culture was introduced into 

 the mother-land in common with all others — visits made abroad for 

 discipleship or instruction — has all along been, and is now increasingly, 

 maintained. Colonial students go to Europe to be trained in medicine 

 and law. Experts go to become acquainted with advances in science 

 and medicine, or with recent improvements in mechanical processes. 

 The wealthier colonists who spend occasional seasons in Europe bring 

 back new (or antiquated) social or political notions, and Americans who 

 thus try to import into the United States an aristocratic style of living 

 have to be ridiculed out of it. The third method by which an infusion 

 of foreign civilization may pass into another community is by books, 

 works of plastic art, music, tools, implements and instruments, and into 

 this vast inheritance of the mother country the daughter colonies have 

 entered. They participate in the advances made by other countries as 

 well. The Canadian colonies owe only less to the United States than 

 to England, and American railway cars, agricultural implements and 

 household utensils are in use in Australasia. In New Zealand a French 

 Masonic lodge has struck root. 



The new colonial centers thus formed react on the father-land, as we 

 may conceive the daughter buds to react on the parent hydroid. The 

 discovery of the New World and the successive entrance of the five 

 great maritime powers upon a long and fierce rivalry for its possession 

 transformed the politics of Europe. Great wars were undertaken solely 

 with this object. The political center of gravity was shifted from the 

 Mediterranean to the Atlantic. New industrial interests were created- 

 Insular and stagnant powers, isolated Continental powers, received a 

 fresh lease of life, and, along with warlike Continental powers, were 

 expanded to the measure of the globe. New sympathies were generated. 

 Wider horizons were opened out. The heart and brain of all were 



