596 



POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



plosion takes place. By many engineers this arrangement is regarded 

 as superior to the electric spark on account of its simplicity. 



Gasoline motors are made with one, two or more cylinders, hut in 

 each cylinder the action that takes place is that described above. The 

 actual construction of a motor is not so simple as might be assumed 

 from the appearance of Fig. 1; many details are required which are 

 not here shown. A more perfect idea of the actual construction of a 

 gasoline motor can be had from Fig. 2, which is a working drawing of 

 a recent European invention. In this design it will be noticed that 

 the cylinder is cooled by radiation into the surrounding air, the ex- 

 terior surface being increased by numerous circular ribs and also by 

 extending a hollow trunk from the upper side of the piston, so as not 

 only to increase the radiating surface, but also to allow the hot air to 

 escape from the chamber T in which the crank discs revolve. In this 

 drawing E is the explosion chamber, corresponding to Q in Fig. 1, and 



Fig. 3. Reversing Mkchanism. 



the valve s is the counterpart of /, while s r corresponds to the valve 

 h. The upper pipe t is the pipe e of Fig. 1 and the lower pipe t' is the 

 pipe r of the same figure. Although the crank discs, connecting rods 

 and other details are different in shape, it will readily be seen that their 

 relation to each other is the same. 



Since a gasoline motor cannot start of its own accord, it is neces- 

 sary in vehicles in which they are used so to arrange the driving gear 

 that the motor may be kept in motion all the time and always in the 

 same direction, hence, to reverse the direction of the carriage, revers- 

 ing mechanism, independent of the motor, must be provided. The most 

 simple mechanism for a gasoline vehicle employing spur gearing ex- 

 clusively is shown in diagrammatic form in Fig. 3. In this figure A rep- 

 resents the cylinder of the motor, B the crank disc chamber and M the 

 vaporizing receptacle, which is generally called the carburator. The 

 pinion C, on the end of the motor shaft, meshes into a gear D which 

 is mounted upon a sleeve E which revolves freely round shaft G. This 



