SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE. 



663 



trol' of one Leopold, who, in accordance 

 with the doctrine of reincarnation which 

 permeates the several cycles, was in his 

 life the famous Cagliostro. By suitable 

 suggestion, Leopold can be induced to 

 make the entranced subject speak, 

 write, draw, or interpret her strange 

 messages from other worlds; and where 

 Leopold says 'nay' all progress is 

 stopped. This case has many analogies 

 with other cases that have been re- 

 corded, but goes beyond most of them 

 in the complexity and bizarre character 

 of the unconscious elaborations and in 

 the feats of memory and creative im- 

 agination which it entails. These ac- 

 complishments, it should be well under- 

 stood, never appeared suddenly or fully 

 developed, but only after a considerable 

 period of subliminal preparation, and 

 then only hesitatingly, and little by 

 little, just as is the case with the ac- 

 quisitions of normal consciousness; and 

 all these acquisitions bear unmistakable 

 marks of belonging to the same person. 

 The special value of this account thus 

 lies in the accuracy of the description 

 and the success with which the account 

 has been made thoroughly intelligible 

 and significant. 



TEE MOSQUITOES OF TEE 

 UNITED STATES. 



Dr. L. 0. Howard, the entomologist 

 of the United States Department of 

 Agriculture, has just published a bulle- 

 tin entitled, "Notes on the Mosquitoes 

 of the United States: Giving some Ac- 

 count of their Structure and Biology, 

 with Remarks on Remedies." The au- 

 thor has, for some years, been interested 

 in the general subject of the biology of 

 mosquitoes and of remedies to be used 

 against them, and has brought together 



in this bulletin all the published and 

 unpublished notes which he has been 

 collecting during this period. The bul- 

 letin contains synoptic tables of all 

 North American mosquitoes, prepared 

 by Mr. D. W. Coquillett, and gives de- 

 tailed facts regarding the geographical 

 distribution of the different species 

 mentioned. All the five North Amer- 

 ican genera are illustrated and full, 

 illustrated accounts are given of the 

 life history of the two principal 

 genera, Culex and Anopheles, as studied 

 in Culex pungens and Anopheles quadri- 

 maculatus. The author calls special at- 

 tention to the two genera of large mos- 

 quitoes, Psorophora and Megarhinus, 

 and urges the importance of the study 

 of these two genera, especially by physi- 

 cians in the South, in regard to their 

 possible relation to the spread of ma- 

 laria. Considerable space is given to 

 the subject of remedies, the principal 

 ones considered being kerosene on 

 breeding pools, the introduction of fish 

 in Ashless ponds, the artificial agitation 

 of water and general community work. 

 It is clearly shown not only that the 

 mosquito may be, in many localities, 

 readily done away with at comparative- 

 ly slight expense, but that by careful 

 work many malarious localities may be 

 made healthy. The subject of mos- 

 quitoes and malaria is not discussed in 

 the bulletin, which contains simply ref- 

 erences to available papers on this sub- 

 ject, like the article by Dr. Patrick 

 Manson, published in The Poftjxar 

 Science Monthly for July, the aim of 

 the author being to bring together all 

 available facts about the mosquitoes of 

 the United States, in order to assist 

 physicians who are studying the ma- 

 larial relation from the point of view 

 of local conditions. 



