38o POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



principles are sufficient guides for all in all ordinary situations 

 in life. After these have been established they must be so 

 stamped upon, so burned into the mental fiber of every pupil, 

 that he must by necessity carry them through life ; that he can 

 not by any possible line of conduct cause them to fade out, or by 

 logical process silence their voice. This result I would make the 

 aim of the remainder of the book, which should embrace civics in 

 all its branches, business and industrial relations in all their rami- 

 fications, natural rights and duties of the individual, the objects, 

 rights, and obligations of society and governments, and all kin- 

 dred subjects. 



Civics embraces duties to country and whatever contributes to 

 best citizenship. Under this topic I would direct attention to 

 political abuses of all sorts, and impress the importance of living 

 by the same moral code in politics as in religion. I would discuss 

 whatsoever would bring plainly to view the individual's ethical 

 duties and obligations to country and government. In the treat- 

 ment of business relations I would go into the details of the vari- 

 ous branches. It seems entirely practicable for a man familiar 

 with business life and methods to conduct students equipped 

 with their code of universally accepted moral principles, accord- 

 ing to which human actions are to be classified as right or wrong, 

 into and through the ten thousand ramifications of all kinds of 

 business, behind the counter, into the bank, into the boards of 

 trade, into the business and professional office, into the exchanges, 

 into the council chambers of great corporations, into every corner 

 of the business world, and study the relations which exist among 

 all who are occupied there, as well as between these branches 

 and the great world outside. Here the like relations of the in- 

 dustrial world should be considered, the relations between those 

 who possess capital and those who labor, between those who em- 

 ploy and those who are employed, the rights of each and the 

 duties of each to the other. 



In treating of the natural rights and duties of the individual 

 I would attempt to impress the ethical relations between indi- 

 viduals which arise from the fact of birth. All are in the world 

 through no merit or fault of their own, hence no credit or blame 

 attaches to the fact of being here in any case. No man brought 

 anything with him which every other man did not bring ; hence 

 all by Nature are endowed with equal rights and entitled to equal 

 opportunities. This opens up an immense field of thought in the 

 direction of modifying the existing conditions of unequal rights 

 and unequal opportunities, which all students of social questions 

 recognize with serious misgivings. 



Closely allied with this subject are the objects of social organi- 

 zation, the relations which exist between society and the indi- 



