THE SELF AND ITS DERANGEMENTS. 815 



eiglit weeks — how he got away from there was all confused ; since 

 then it had been a blank. The last thing he remembered about 

 the store was going to bed on Sunday night, March 13, 1887." 



Some of these statements are true and others are not. He was 

 never in Newton, N. H., in his life, and never engaged in any kind 

 of trade. He had been a carpenter, farmer, and itinerant evan- 

 gelist. His first wife did die in 1881, but he had married again ; 

 of his second wife the Brown personality never had any knowl- 

 edge. 



The nature of this change of personality is now fairly clear. 

 The greater part of Ansel Bourne's memories were obliterated ; 

 the few that remained had lost all organic connection with one 

 another, and gave rise to illusions of memory. Probably his new 

 name and his notion that he had engaged in the lumber and trad- 

 ing business sprang from confused recollections of his own name 

 and of his trade as a carpenter. But there was no material change 

 in the active side of his nature. His character and instincts re- 

 mained pretty much what they had been before. Further inquiry 

 showed that he had had several epileptiform " fainting fits " with- 

 in the last few years, and had been early in life the subject of a 

 sudden loss of sight, hearing, and speech, followed by a " miracu- 

 lous " cure. 



Another typical case is that of Fdlida X . This girl was first 



seen by Dr. Azam, of Bordeaux, in June of 1858. She was then 

 about fifteen years old. About two years before hysterical symj)- 

 toms had appeared ; between her fourteenth and fifteenth years, at 

 intervals of four or five days, and especially after some emotional 

 excitement, she would feel a pain in the temples, followed by over- 

 powering drowsiness. After an apparent sleep of ten minutes or 

 so she would awake in a secondary state. It would last an hour or 

 two, and then she would pass into her ordinary condition through 

 a period of unconsciousness, as before. 



In the primary state she was perfectly sane, was intelligent, 

 resolute, and diligent, but taciturn, gloomy, even morose. She was 

 not affectionate, was inclined to dwell upon her condition, and 

 suffered much from pains of obscure origin. In the second state 

 she was gay, hummed a tune over her sewing, was quick of move- 

 ment, vivacious, fond of visiting, was emotionally sensitive and 

 generally flighty. Her pains were much better. In her first state 

 she remembered all her childhood and what had happened during 

 other occurrences of the same state, but nothing of the second. 

 In the second, however, her memory was complete, embracing 

 the first as well as the second. She then spoke of her primary 

 condition as her " attacks " (crises) or as that " stupid state " 

 {cet etat Mte). Occasionally a third state made its appearance. 

 The transition was as above described, but in it she seemed 



