320 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



Recently considerable attention has been given to tlie con- 

 struction of brick and tile kilns on scientific principles. Many 

 improved kilns, lioth on tlie up-draft and the down-draft sys- 

 tems, have been invented. Art tiles and architectural terra cotta 

 are being burned in up-draft kilns with closed tops, or muffled 

 kilns, in which " saggers," or fire-clay boxes, are used to protect 

 the pieces from direct contact with the flames. Mr. W. A. Eudaly, 



Fig. 50.— Floral Panel. 



of Cincinnati, has j^erfected a down-draft kilii which is arranged 

 with compartments in the bottom, which are provided with two 

 separate and distinct sets of flues, one of which carries a portion 

 of the heat into the kiln, and the other conducts a portion from 

 the kiln to stacks or chimneys built in the main wall. The heat 

 is thus divided as it enters the kiln or leaves the furnace, a por- 

 tion going up through the liags to the ware at the top, while 

 another part surrounds the ware at the bottom of the kiln, secur- 

 ing uniformity of burning and perfect consumption of fuel and 



