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THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



mental principles included in the first divis- 

 ion of the volume. The second division 

 deals with the so-called mental faculties and 

 with mental conditions, being analytical and 

 descriptive in character. This he calls Em- 

 pirical Psychology. There is a third part 

 entitled Rational Psychology, treating of the 

 relations between the soul and matter, and 

 giving explanations of various psychological 

 phenomena. " To the mere reader of psy- 

 chology," says the translator in her intro- 

 duction, " the Herbartian theories may at 

 first appear peculiar, and in the minds of 

 some may verge upon the absurd ; but the 

 careful student will probably find no psycho- 

 logical theories that are so well calculated 

 to stand the test of actual experience." 



A Handbook of Industrial Organic Chem- 

 istry. By Samuel P. Sadtler. Phila- 

 delphia : J. B. Lippincott Co. Pp. 619. 

 Price, $5. 



The aim of this work is to give a general 

 view of the various industries based upon 

 the applications of chemistry to the arts. 

 The mode of procedure in dealing with each 

 industry is " first to enumerate and describe 

 the raw materials which serve as the basis 

 of the industrial treatment ; second, the 

 processes of manufacture are given in out- 

 line and explained ; third, the products, both 

 intermediate and final, are characterized and 

 their composition illustrated in many cases 

 by tables of analyses ; fourth, the most im- 

 portant analytical tests and methods are 

 given, which seem to be of value either in 

 the control of the processes of manufacture 

 or in determining the purity of the product ; 

 and, fifth, the bibliography and statistics of 

 each industry are given, so that an idea of 

 the present development and relative impor- 

 tance of the industry may be had." To 

 assist the reader in following out the chain 

 of operations that converts the raw materi- 

 als into the various finished products and by- 

 products, a diagram something like a genea- 

 logical tree is given in many cases. One 

 such diagram shows at a glance the processes 

 involved in working up beef-tallow, and how 

 much of each product is obtained from the 

 proximate yield of one ox. Another diagram 

 shows how thoroughly the cotton seed is now 

 utilized. Three chapters are devoted to the 

 oils — petroleum, the fats, and the essential 

 oils; the sugar industry is next described; 



then come the industries of starch and its 

 alteration products, fermentation industries 

 — including the making of alcoholic liquors, 

 vinegar, and bread — milk industries, the 

 utilization of vegetable and animal fibers ; 

 the preparation of leather, glue, and gelatin ; 

 industries based upon the destructive distil- 

 lation of wood and coal, the making of dyes, 

 and dyeing. The machinery and apparatus 

 used in each industry are described, and the 

 text is illustrated with one hundred and 

 twenty-seven figures. While the book deals 

 mainly with the chemical changes involved 

 in the industries described, its language has 

 been so chosen that those not specially 

 trained in chemistry can readily understand 

 it. An appendix contains temperature, spe- 

 cific 'gravity, and alcohol tables, also metric 

 weights and measures. 



Stones for Building and Decoration. By 

 George P. Merrill. New York : John 

 Wiley & Sons. Pp. 453. Price, $5. 



This work is designed to be of service to 

 all who have to do with the use of stone for 

 constructive purposes. It tells what re- 

 sources of building-stone are known in each 

 State of the Union, what is the character of 

 each kind and variety, how each works, 

 methods of quarrying and dressing stone, 

 cost, durability, weathering, etc. The book 

 is based on the author's hand-book and cata- 

 logue of the collection of building and orna- 

 mental stones in the United States National 

 Museum, and some of the matter not con- 

 tained in that hand-book has been published 

 in various building-journals. The author's 

 experience in preparing the extensive collec- 

 tion above mentioned, as well as its partial 

 dupUcate at the American Museum in New 

 York, has afforded him ample opportunity 

 for becoming acquainted with the quarry 

 products of the country at large, while ex- 

 tensive field trips, particularly in the eastern 

 and extreme Western United States, have 

 given him a practical insight into the re- 

 source? of these regions, as well as some 

 knowledge concerning the usual methods of 

 quarrying and working. The volume is illus- 

 trated with views of quarries, figures of 

 tools and machines used in quarrying and 

 working stone, figures showing kinds of fin- 

 ish on stone, and the microscopic structure 

 of certain rocks, etc. 



