URBAN POPULATION. 



463 



A study of this last table throws great light upon the supposed 

 concentration of population in the slums of the cities named. In 

 New York the increase in the congested wards (and I have taken 

 for this purpose all the wards south of Fourteenth Street) was in 

 the twenty years from 1870 to 1890 but 51,178, or 9-38 per cent ; 

 while the increase for the whole city for the twenty years was 

 573,009, or 60-81 per cent. The remaining wards, or those north 

 of Fourteenth Street, were the territory where nearly all this last- 

 named gain took place. It was 531,831, or a gain from 1870 to 1890 

 of 131-56 per cent. Certainly during the twenty years there has 

 been no perceptible increase of population in the congested terri- 

 tory described. 



Turning to Philadelphia, and taking the compact wards, we 

 find there has been a loss in the twenty years of 28,611, or 6-56 

 per cent, the wards other than the congested wards showing a 

 gain of 101,583, or 168-91 per cent, while the total gain for the 

 whole city was 372,912, or 55*33 per cent. 



Similar conditions are shown for Boston. In the first section 

 of the preceding table relating to Boston the population for 1880 

 and 1890 only is given, as explained. This shows that in the ten 

 years named the congested wards, which include all the slum popu- 

 lation of the city, the gain was only 1,020, or 1*04 per cent ; while 

 in the remaining wards there was a gain of 84,618, or 31*96 per 

 cent. The second section of the table relating to Boston shows 

 the population for 1870, 1880, and 1890 for the whole city— for 

 Boston proper, that is, the old city territory prior to any of its 



* First to seventeenth inclusive, except the twelfth, which is an outlying ward. 

 f Second to twentieth inclusive, except the fifteenth. X I^^®^- 



* The sixth, seventh, eighth, tenth, twelfth, sixteenth, and seventeenth. 



