NEW CHAPTERS IN THE WARFARE OF SCIENCE. 589 



titled " The Restored Mosaic System of the World/' whicli shoAved 

 the Copernican astronomy to be unscriptural. 



Doubtless this has a far-off sound ; yet its echo comes very 

 near modern Protestantism in the expulsion of Dr. Woodrow by 

 the Presbyterian authorities in South Carolina ; the expulsion of 

 Prof. Winchell by the Methodist Episcopal authorities of Ten- 

 nsesee ; the expulsion of Prof. Toy by the authorities of another 

 Protestant sect in Kentucky ; the expulsion of the professors at 

 Beyrout under authority of the American Board of Commis- 

 sioners for Foreign Missions — all for holding the doctrines of 

 modern science, and in the last years of the nineteenth century. 



"When Protestants talk of the " bigotry " of the Roman Catho- 

 lic Church, they will do well to remember that it is impossible 

 to imagine such Catholic authorities as Cardinal Gibbons, Arch- 

 bishops Ireland and Kenrick, and Bishops Keane and Spalding, 

 sanctioning such suicidal folly as this. The Mother Church has 

 learned something.* 



But the new truth could not be concealed ; it could neither be 

 laughed down nor frowned down. Many minds had received it, 

 but within the hearing of the papacy only one tongue appears to 

 have dared to utter it clearly. This new warrior was that strange 

 mortal, Giordano Bruno, He was hunted from land to land, 

 until at last he turned on his pursuers with fearful invectives. 

 For this he was imprisoned during six years, then burned alive, 

 and his ashes scattered to the winds, f Still, the new truth lived 

 on. Ten years after the martydom of Bruno the truth of Coper- 

 nicus's doctrine was established by the telescope of Galileo. 



Herein was fulfilled one of the most touching of prophecies. 

 Years before, the opponents of Copernicus had said to him, " If 

 your doctrines were true, Venus would show phases like the 

 moon." Copernicus answered : " You are right ; I know not what 

 to say ; but God is good, and will in time find an answer to this 

 objection." The God-given answer came when in ICll the rude 

 telescope of Galileo showed the phases of Venus.| 



* For treatment of Copernican ideas by the people, see The Catholic World, as above ; 

 also, Melanchthon, uhi supra ; also, Prowe, Copernicus, Berlin, 1383, vol. i, p. 269, note ; also, 

 pp. 279, 280; also Miidler, i, p. 167. For Rector Hensel, see Rev. Dr. Shield's Final 

 Philosophy, p. 60. For details of recent Protestant efforts against evolution doctrines, see 

 my chapter on The Fall of Man and Anthropology, in this series. 



f For Bruno, see Bartholmcss, Vie de Jordano Bruno, Paris, 1S4G, vol. i, p. 121 and 

 pp. 212 d scq.\ also Berti, Vita di Giordano Bruno, Firenze, 1868, chapter xvi ; also Whcwell, 

 vol. i, pp. 272, 273. That Whewell is somewhat hasty in attributing Bruno's punishment 

 entirely to the Spaccio della Bestia Trionfante will be evident, in spite of Montucla, to any 

 one who reads the account of the persecution in Bartholmess or Berti ; and, even if Whewell 

 be right, the Spaccio would never have been written but for Bruno's indignation at 

 ecclesiastical oppression. See Tiraboschi, vol. vii, pp. 466 el seq. 



X For the relation of these discoveries to Copernicus's work, see Delambre, Histoire de 



