642 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



Among the special effects in this organ not specified are a bass- 

 drum and tymi3ani (kettle-drums), also operated by pneumatic 

 agency. The great and swell organs are on a four-inch wind ; 

 the choir is on a three-inch ; the thirty-two-foot and sixteen-foot 

 open diapasons are on a seven-inch wind. In the region of tones 

 may be found a German gamba — a unique stop with a string 

 tone — and a vox humana copied from the celebrated instrument 

 at Freiburg by Mooser. The imx anglica in the organ treated on 

 is a remarkable expression effect, while the song-trumpet stop is 

 a startling acoustic development. It is of such immense power 

 that it is capable of leading eight thousand voices. The instru- 

 ment also contains combination piston-knobs under the key-board 

 and a combination pedal to every organ. These are adjustable. 

 There are in all 110 stops and 4,448 pipes, divided as follows : 

 Great organ, 18 stops, 1,4G4 pipes ; swell organ, 18 stops, 1,342 

 pipes ; choir organ, 12 stops, 854 pipes ; solo organ, 8 stops, 488 

 pipes ; pedal organ, 10 stops, 300 pipes ; also 10 couplers, 11 me- 

 chanical movements, 6 pneumatic piston-knobs in great organ, 11 

 combination pedals, and 6 pedal movements. 



The four manuals contain five octaves each, with an auxiliary 

 pedal compass of two and a half octaves. The wind is furnished 

 by three immense bellows of various wind pressure, operated by 

 a C. & C. electric motor of an improved order on an Edison cir- 

 cuit. Its exterior, moreover, is most striking. It shows a fagade 

 of richly decorated j^ipes forty feet in width and fifty feet in 

 height, and is altogether one of the finest instruments in appear- 

 ance and effect in this country, and an imposing exemplification 

 of American organ-building. 



The Parlor Organ. — Sound is produced in instruments such 

 as the French and English harmonium and the American parlor 

 organ through the medium of the free reed. The latter, though 

 related to the former in a physical and mechanical sense, is in 

 many respects so different from the European reed instruments 

 of the class designated that it is entitled to stand alone as an 

 instrument peculiarly American and distinct in point of con- 

 struction. 



The individuality of the American parlor organ rests largely 

 upon the system of reed structure invented in this country, upon 

 which a tone has been evolved which is easily distinguished from 

 that produced by the reed instruments made abroad. Several 

 other features in its interior construction and exterior finish, how- 

 ever, distinguish it from the reed instruments called harmoniums 

 produced in Europe. The " free reed," as it was first applied in 

 American accordeons and seraphines, was not by any means a 

 domestic invention, as writers recklessly assert. It was used by 

 European pipe-organ builders for stop effects, and also in a sepa- 



