DRESS AND ADORNMENT. 



47 



old types are copied in the new material. One of these necklaces 

 consists of beads and teeth. Six or seven fine leather thongs are 

 strung with black beads of small size ; rows one and a half inch 

 long being made, a single bead of larger size, and in color white 

 spotted with blue, is added ; then follows another inch and a half 

 of black beads ; then comes a cluster of leopards' teeth three to five 

 in number ; this arrangement is repeated. The other necklace 

 copies this in general plan. Rows of white beads are followed 

 by a brass tooth ; then come ruby-red beads with white spots ; 

 then another brass tooth, white beads, etc. The necklace with 

 real teeth is of an older type than the other, and it is interesting, 

 even after metal has been introduced and the ornamental and not 

 the trophy idea prevails, to see the old trophy pattern carried over 



into a new and artificial material. Patterns survive. 



Arm-bands and bracelets occur in great variety, but little need 



be said of them. Two 



African forms only will 



detain us. Among the 



Kaffirs, and in the west 



of Africa as well, a plain 



ivory arm-ring, in a sin- 

 gle piece, is in common 



use. Such are easily 



made. The tusk of the 



elephant is hollow save 



near the small end. To- 

 ward the larger end the 



ivory sheath is thin and 



irregular, but it thick- 

 ens and becomes solid 



toward the tip. All that 



is necessary to make 



arm-bands is to remove 



the soft, vascular inner 



part and then to cut the 



ivory into cross-sections, 



two or three inches wide. 



The rings thus made 



vary, of course, in size. 



After being cut they are 



carefully polished. With 



such rings the whole arm from wrist to elbow is often covered. 



Schweinfurth describes a pretty ornament of metal rings — the 



dagobar — as in use among White Nile tribes. The individual rings 



are of iron and are narrow and neatly made. They are worn so 



closely together upon the arm as to make a continuous metal 



Fig. 4. — Paloa. Hawaiian Islands. 



