6o THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



in taking tlie number of existing species to be somewhat above 

 one hundred and ten thousand.* 



Now, if we should make a comprehensive list of all the flower- 

 ing plants which are cultivated on what we may call a fairly- 

 large scale at the present day, placing therein all food f and for- 

 age plants, all those which are grown for timber and cabinet 

 woods, for fibers and cordage, for tanning materials, dyes, resins, 

 rubber, gums, oils, perfumes, and medicines, we could bring to- 

 gether barely three hundred species. If we should add to this 

 short catalogue all the species which, without cultivation, can be 

 used by man, we should find it considerably lengthened. A great 

 many products of the classes just referred to are derived in com- 

 merce from wild plants, but exactly how much their addition 

 would extend the list it is impossible in the present state of 

 knowledge to determine. Every enumeration of this character is 

 likely to contain errors from two sources : first, it would be sure 

 to contain some species which have outlived their real usefulness , 

 and, secondly, owing to the chaotic condition of the literature of 

 the subject, omissions would occur. 



But after all proper exclusions and additions have been made 



genera figure in more than one category. Ee has also arranged the plants according to the 

 countries naturally producing them. 



Useful Native Plants of Australia (including Tasmania). By J. H. Maiden, F. L. S., 

 Curator of the Technological Museum of New South Wales, Sydney. Sydney, 1889. 



See also note (*), page 71. 



Hand-book of Commercial Geography. By Geo. G. Chisholm, M. A., B. So. London, 

 1889. 



New Commercial Plants, with Directions how to grow them to the Best Advantage. 

 By Thomas Christy. London, Christy & Co. 



Dictionary of Popular Names of the Plants which furnish the Natural and Acquired 

 Wants of Man. By John Smith, A. L. S. London, 1885. 



Cultivated Plants : Their Propagation and Improvement. By F. W. Burbage. Lon- 

 don, 1877. 



The Wanderings of Plants and Animals from their First home. By Victor Hehn, edited 

 by James Steven Stally brass. London, 1885. 



Researches into the Early History of Mankind, and the Development of Civilization. 

 By Edward B. Tylor, D. C. L., LL.D., F.R. S. 1878. 



* The number of species of Phwnocjamia has been given by many writers as not far 

 from 150,000. But the total number of species recognized by Bcntham and Hooker, in 

 the Genera Plantarum (Durand's Index), is 100,220, in 210 natural orders and 8,417 

 genera. 



f Dr. E. Lewis Sturtevant, to whose kindness I am indebted for great assistance in the 

 matter of references, has placed at my disposal many of his notes on edible plants, etc. 

 From his enumeration it appears that, if we count all the plants which have been culti- 

 vated for food at one time or another, the list contains 1,192 species; but if we count all 

 the plants which either " habitally or during famine periods are recorded to have been 

 eaten," we obtain a list of no less than 4,090 species, or about three and one half per 

 cent of all known species of plants. But, as Sir Joseph Hooker has said, the products 

 of many plants, though eatable, are not fit to eat. 



