NEW CHAPTERS IN THE WARFARE OF SCIENCE. 729 



winter, wlien lie was lost in a storm. The blackboards in tbe 

 lecture-ball* still bear tbe inscriptions left on them by the students 

 and taken from the words of the master : 



" Study Nature, not books." 



"Be not afraid to say No. 



"A Laboratory is a sanctuary which nothing profane 



SHOULD ENTER." 



But, while the island of Penikese is deserted, the impulse which 

 came from Agassiz's work there still lives, and is felt in every 

 field of American science. 



With all appreciation of the rich streams which in late years 

 have come to us from Germany, it is still true that " the school 

 of all schools which has most influence on scientific teaching m 

 America was held in an old barn on an uninhabited island some 

 eighteen miles from the shore. It lasted but three months, and m 

 effect it had but one teacher. The school at Penikese existed m 

 the personal presence of Agassiz ; when he died it vanished !" 



NEW CHAPTERS IN THE WARFARE OF SCIENCE. , 

 XV. ASTRONOMY. 

 By ANDREW DICKSON WHITE, LL. D., L. H. D., 



EX-PKESIDENT OF COBNELL TJNIVEESITy. 



PART II. 



WHILE news of triumphant attacks upon him and upon the 

 truth he had established were coming in from all parts of 

 Europe, Galileo prepared a careful treatise in the form of a dia- 

 logue, exhibiting the arguments for and against the Copernican 

 and Ptolemaic systems, and offered to submit to any conditions 

 that the Church tribunals might impose if they would allow it to 

 be printed. At last, after discussions which extended through 

 eight years, they consented, imposing a humiliating condition ; — 

 the preface written in accordance with the ideas of Father Ric- 

 ciardi, Master of the Sacred Palace, and signed by Galileo, in 

 which the Copernican theory was virtually exhibited as a play of 

 the imagination, and not at all as opposed to the Ptolemaic doc- 

 trine reasserted in 1616 by the Inquisition under the direction of 

 Pope Paul V.f 



* According to Dr. Carl H. Eigenmann, who has lately visited the island. 



f As to the general style of the attacks, sec Fromimdus's book, cited above, pmsm, but 

 especially the heading of chapter vi, and the argument in chapters x and xi. For inter- 

 esting reference to one of Fromundus's arguments, showing, by a mixture of mathematics 

 and theology, that the earth is the center of the universe, se,e Quetelct, Histoire des Sciences 

 mathematiques et physiques, Bruxelles, 1864, p. 170; also, Madler, Geschichte der As- 

 tronomic, vol. i, p. 274. 



