NEW CHAPTERS IN THE WARFARE OF SCIENCE. 735 



censorship. Nor has that old conscientious consistency in hatred 

 yet fully relented : hardly a generation since has not seen some 

 ecclesiastic like Marini or De Bonald or Rallaye or De Gabriac, 

 suppressing evidence, or torturing expressions, or inventing theo- 

 ries to blacken the memory of Galileo and save the reputation of 

 the Church. Nay, more, there are school histories, widely used, 

 which in the supposed interest of the Church, misrepresent in the 

 grossest manner all thege transactions in which Galileo was con- 

 cerned. Sanda simpUcitas I The Church has no worse enemies 

 than those who devise and teach these perversions. They are 

 simply rooting out, in the long run, from the minds of the more 

 thoughtful scholars, respect for the great organization which such 

 writings are supposed to serve. Their work is just as futile as 

 that of writers of school histories which in the supposed Protest- 

 ant interest misrepresent the Roman doctrine of indulgences 



The Protestant Church was hardly less energetic against the 

 new astronomy than the mother Church had been. The sacred 

 science of the first Lutheran Reformers was transmitted as a pre- 

 cious legacy, and in the next century was made much of by Calo- 

 vius His great learning and determined orthodoxy gave him 

 leadership in the Lutheran Church. Utterly refusing to look at 

 ascertained facts, he cited the turning back of the shadow upon 

 King Hezekiah's dial and the standing still of the sun for Joshua, 

 denied the movement of the earth, and denounced the Copernican 

 view as clearly opposed to Scripture. To this day his arguments 

 are repeated by sundry orthodox leaders of American Luther- 



anism. 



As to the other branch of the reformed Church, Turretm, Cal- 

 vin's famous successor, even after Kepler and Newton had estab- 

 lished the theory of Copernicus and Galileo, put forth his compen- 

 dium of theology, in which he proved from a multitude of script- 

 ural texts that the heavens, sun, and moon move about the earth, 

 which stands still in the center, f In England we see similar 

 theological efforts even after they had become utterly futile : 

 among the strict churchmen, the great Dr. South denounced the 

 Royaf Society as "irreligious," and among the Puritans the emi- 

 nent John Owen declared that Newton's discoveries were "built 

 on fallible phenomena and advanced by ma ny arbitrary presump- 



* For the persecutions of Galileo's memory after his death, see Gebler, Wohlwill, but 

 especially Th. Martin, p. 243, and elsewhere. For the persecution of Galileo's memory, see 

 Th Martin, chapters ix and x. For documentary proofs, see L'Epinois. For a collection 

 of the slanderous theories invented against Galileo, see Martin, final chapters and appendix. 

 Both these authors are devoted to the Church, but, unlike Monsignor Manni, are too up- 

 right to resort to the pious fraud of suppressing documents or interpolating pretended 



"""^ov Calovius, see Zoeclder, Geschichte, vol. i, pp. 684 and 763. For Calvin and Tur- 

 retin, see Shields, The Final Philosophy, pp. 60, 61. 



