IN VOL UN TAR Y MO VEMENTS. 



747 



attention is perfect, while the movements are unusually direct and 

 extensive. The originator of this record is the best of our sub- 

 jects, in the sense that the involuntary movements are largest and 

 most predictable. 



We may substitute reading from a printed page for the naming 

 of colors and obtain a very similar result. An example is given 

 in Fig. 3, showing, as before, the movement of the hand toward 

 the object of attention. 



Fig. 3. — )«-> Reading Printed Page. Time ot record, 45 &eeonds. 



The attention may be directed to a sound as well as to a visual 

 impression; this may be conveniently done by listening to the 

 strokes of a metronome. In order to further strengthen the at- 

 tention the subject is required to count the strokes, the usual rate 

 being one hundred and forty per minute. 



Fig. 4. — «-^ Counting the Strokes of a Metronome. Time of record, 70 seconds. It also 

 illustrates slight hesitation before the movement toward the metronome begins. 



The result — a typical illustration is given in Fig. 4 — shows 

 that the hand moves toward the metronome. If the metronome 

 be placed in front of the subject in one experiment and behind 

 him in the next, an interesting 

 contrast may be observed. The 

 effect of close attention to the 

 regular strokes of a metronome 

 may show itself in another way. 

 We all appreciate how strong is 

 the tendency to beat time to en- 

 livening music, by tapping with 

 the hands, or stampiiig with the 

 feet, or nodding with the head ; 

 and Dr. Lombard has shown that 

 music is capable of effecting such 

 thoroughly involuntary move- 

 ments as a sudden rise of the leg when the patella of the knee is 

 struck. It is not surprising, therefore, to find evidences of periodic 

 movements in these automatograms, and in some instances, such 



Fig. 5. — Counting the Strokes of a Met- 

 ronome. Shows tlie oscillation of the 

 movements with the strokes of the 

 metronome. 



