IN VOL UN TAR V MO YEMEN TS. 



749 



sists in thinking of a building or locality in the neighborhood ; a 

 very good record obtained in this way appears in Fig. 9. 



The peculiar line of Fig. 10 was obtained in an experiment in 

 which a book was slowly carried about the room, the subject 

 being required to continuously read from the page. It is evident 

 that the hand followed the movement of the attention, not pre- 



¥m. 9. — -^-Hf Thinking of a Locality. Time, 1^0 seconds. Also illustrates initial hesitancy 

 followed by steady movement toward the object of thought. 



cisely in a circle, but in an irregular outline, closing in upon it- 

 self. The great differences between individuals which the experi- 

 ence of the muscle-reader would lead us to expect are not lacking 

 here. Some movements are direct and extensive, others circuitous 

 and brief. Fig. 11 is a good type of 

 a small movement, though it is quite 

 constantly toward the object of the 

 attention. This may be contrasted 

 with another record in which there 

 is a movement of six and a half 

 inches in forty-five seconds. In some 

 cases the first impulse carries the 

 hand toward the object of thought, 

 and is followed by considerable hesi- 

 tation and uncertainty. A marked 

 example of this tendency may be 

 seen in Fig. 12. There is, too, an op- 

 posite type, in which the initial move- 

 ments are variable, and the significant movement toward the ob- 

 ject of thought comes later, when there is perhaps some fatigue. 

 This tendency appears somewhat in Figs, 4 and 9.* 



How far these movements are involuntary or unconscious must 

 be largely determined by the subjective experiences of those who 

 execute them. While here, as elsewhere, there is some difference 



* A further point of importance for future research is the effect of the position of the 

 subject upon the ease of the movement. A sufficient number of experiments were made to 

 Bhow that such an effect exists, and as a result a position was chosen allowing as nearly as 

 possible of equally easy movements in all directions. 



Fig. 10. 



KROM 1'kINTED 



J t KliAI)lN( 

 *-HI 



Page, the page being moved about 

 the subject. 



