THE RISE OF THE POTTERY INDUSTRY. 



149 



and was discontinued about 1820. Later on, John Remmey, great- 

 grandson of the above, moved to South Amboy, N. J., and estab- 

 lished a pottery there. 



Previous to the middle of the last century, and before the 

 manufacture of porcelain had been attempted in America, Eng- 

 lish potters were using 



china clays procured in 'P b lilllllllllllilll!'i!llti^lillllill|lllli:i 



this country. Mr. Jewitt, 

 in his Ceramic Art of 

 Great Britain, informs us 

 that a patent was taken 

 out in 1744, by Edward 

 Heylyn, of the parish of 

 Bow, in the county of 

 Middlesex, merchant, and 

 Thomas Frye, of the par- 

 ish of West Ham, in the 

 county of Essex, painter, 

 for the manufacture of 

 china-ware ; and in the 

 following year they en- 



FiG. 2. 



-Ameeican Roofing Tiles (eighteenth 

 century). 



rolled their specification, in which they state that the material 

 used in their invention " is an earth, the produce of the Chirokee 

 nation in America, called by the natives unaker." 



In 1878 and 1879, Mr. William H. Goss, proprietor of the ex- 

 tensive porcelain works at London Road, Stoke-on-Trent, con- 

 tributed to the English Pottery and Glass Trades' Review a series 

 of notes on Mr. Jewitt's work. In December of the former year 

 he wrote : " The specification of this patent is of startling interest. 

 Who would have thought, until Mr. Jewitt unfolded this docu- 

 ment to modern light, that the first English china that we have 

 any knowledge of was made from American china-clay ? Let our 

 American cousins look out for, and treasure up lovingly, speci- 

 mens of the earliest old Bow-ware after learning that." Then 

 follows the specification in full as given by Mr. Jewitt, and Mr. 

 Goss continues : " This ' unaker,' the produce of the Chirokee 

 nation in America, is decomposed granitic rock, the earth or clay 

 resulting from the washing being the decomposed felspar of that 

 rock. It is curious that it should have been imported from among 

 the Chirokees when we had mountains of it so near as Cornwall; 

 unknown, however, to any ' whom it might concern ' until Cook- 

 worthy discovered it twenty-four years later than the date of the 

 above patent." William Cookworthy was acquainted with Ameri- 

 can clays as early as 1745, for in a letter to a friend dated fifth 

 month, thirtieth, of that year, quoted by Mr. Jewitt, he writes : 

 " I had lately with me the person who hath discovered the china- 



