THE RISE OF THE POTTERY INDUSTRY. 151 



depend on encouragement suitable to their abilities ; and such parents, as are in- 

 clined to bind their children apprentices to either of these branches, must be early 

 in their application, as only a few of the first offering will be accepted, without a 

 premium ; none will be received under twelve years of age, or upwards of fifteen. 

 All orders from the country, or other provinces, inclosed in letters, post paid, and 

 directed to the China Peopeietors in Philadelphia, will be faithfully executed, 

 and the ware warranted equal to any, in goodness and cheapness, hitherto manu- 

 factured in, or imported from England, 



Subsequently the proprietors advertised for bones, offering 

 twenty shillings per thousand " for any quantity of horses or 

 beeves shank-bones, whole or broken, fifteen shillings for hogs, 

 and ten shillings for calves and sheep (a proportionable price for 

 knuckle bones) delivered at the china factory in South wark " ; 

 concluding with the announcement that the capital works of the 

 factory were then completed and in full operation. The pro- 

 jectors of this enterprise were Gousse Bonnin, a foreigner, who 

 had most probably learned his trade at Bow, and George Anthony 

 Morris, of Philadelphia. In January, 1771, they applied to the 

 Assembly for pecuniary assistance, in the form of a provincial 

 loan, the petition being given in full by Colonel Frank M. Etting 

 in his History of Independence HaU. In their address it is stated 

 that the petitioners " have expended great sums in bringing from 

 London Workmen of acknowledged Abilities, have established 

 them here, erected spacious Buildings, Mills, Kilns, and various 

 Requisites, and brought the Work, we flatter ourselves, into no 

 contemptible Train of Perfection." Whether they were successful 

 in securing the loan does not appear, but later in the same year 

 they advertised for zaffer or zaffera, without which they could 

 not make blue ware. In April, 1772, they advertised for appren- 

 tices to the painting and other branches, and shortly after for 

 flint glass and " fifty wagon loads of white flint stone." The at- 

 tempt, however, proved a failure in a financial point, and in the 

 latter year the proprietors made a public appeal for charity for 

 the workmen who had been brought to a strange country and 

 were left without means of support. After running about two 

 years the factory was closed, the real estate was sold, and Bonnin 

 returned to England. 



Little is known of the ware made here. The fact that zaffer 

 was used shows that blue decorated ware was made. The Bow 

 works at that period turned out little but blue and white china, 

 as was the case with all of the early English factories, which em- 

 ployed lapis lazuli and zaffer to color beneath the glaze. 



The terra-cotta works owned by Mr. A. H. Hews, at North 

 Cambridge, Mass., were founded by his great-grandfather, 

 Abraham Hews, at Weston, Mass., some time previous to 17G5. 

 At first only the ordinary household utensils of earthenware were 



