158 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



the present time engaged in burning magnesia for the drug 

 trade. 



About the time that Tucker first placed his new ware on the 

 market a factory for the production of a somewhat similar com- 

 modity was erected at Jersey City, presumably by Frenchmen. 

 Later, under the title of the American Pottery Company, cream- 

 colored, white, Parian, and porcelain wares were made here. In 

 1843 an exhibit of embossed tea-ware, jugs, and spittoons was 

 made by this company at the Franklin Institute, the specimens 

 of Parian with blue ground and raised ornamentation in white 

 being especially praiseworthy. After several changes in proprie- 

 torship the business passed into the hands of Messrs. Rouse & 

 Turner in 1870, and the name of the factory was altered to the 

 Jersey City Pottery. Mr. John Owen Rouse came from the Royal 

 Derby Works about forty years ago. Mr. Turner died in 1884, 

 leaving the former sole proprietor. The plant at present consists 

 of four kilns, one of which has an interior diameter of nineteen 

 and a half feet, and numerous large buildings for manufacturing 

 and storage purposes. Here are now made large quantities of 

 white granite ware in table and toilet services and decorative de- 

 signs, a specialty of the factory being porous cups for telegraphic 

 uses, of which fully five thousand are produced every week. 



After the year 1840 the number of potteries in the United 

 States multiplied rapidly. About that time Samuel Sturgis was 

 making, in Lancaster County, Pa., in addition to earthen and stone 

 ware, clay tobacco-pipe bowls, which he molded after the French 

 designs in the form of human heads. These were glazed in yel- 

 low, green, and brown, and supplied largely to the tobacconists of 

 eastern Pennsylvania. In 1843 there were one hundred and eighty- 

 two potteries in that State alone, few of them, however, of any 

 importance, whose aggregate productions amounted to $158,000. 

 In 1800 there were only about eighty potteries in the same State, 

 a falling ofi" of more than half. This diminution in number 

 does not by any means indicate a decadence of this industry, 

 because the establishments of half a century ago were mostly 

 scattered through the rural districts and were insignificant af- 

 fairs, producing only the coarser and cheaper grades of crockery. 

 Such potteries have almost entirely disappeared, while those of 

 to-day manufacture, for the most part, the finer qualities of 

 earthen, white granite, and porcelain wares. At the present time 

 there are over five hundred potteries in the United States, not in- 

 cluding architectural terra-cotta and tile works, of which some 

 twenty-five are in Trenton, K J., and about the same number in 

 East Liverpool, Ohio. 



An exhibit of Rockingham was made at the Franklin Insti- 

 tute in 1846 by Bennett & Brother, of Pittsburg, which was 



