170 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



American mechanical mind turned in tlie direction of our need, 

 and we will not fear for the future of our business. 



" We would urge upon the manufacturing potters that more 

 thought be given to this subject, and that they come in closer 

 touch with the best machinists of our several centers. Let the 

 practical machinist know our need. Much can be done ; much 

 must be done if we expect to hold our own. And what is our 

 own ? The American market for American manufacturers." 



Note. — Several of the illustrations which appear in this paper are from pen-and-ink 

 drawings made from the original porcelains by Mr. Vernon Ilowe Bailey, a student at the 

 Pennsylvania School of Industrial Art, Philadelphia. 



[To be continued.'] 



PROGRESS AND PERFECTIBILITY IN THE LOWER 



ANIMALS. 



By Peof. E. p. EVANS. 



WHAT we call institutions are only organized and hereditary 

 instincts, and are common to man and the lower animals. 

 The original social character of animals, which forms the basis of 

 their institutions, is also the quality that renders them capable of 

 domestication. Man simply takes advantage of this quality, and 

 turns it to his own account by bringing the animal into his 

 own domestic circle and service and making it a member of his 

 household. 



In birds, for example, the conjugal instinct is remarkably 

 strong, or, as we would say in speaking of human relations, the 

 institution of marriage, either in its monogamous or polygamous 

 form, is firmly established and highly developed, and forms the 

 foundation of a well-ordered domestic and social life. 



The paternal fox trains his young with as much care and con- 

 scientiousness as any human father ; the beaver constructs his 

 habitation with the foresight of a military engineer and the skill 

 of an experienced architect; the bee lives in well-regulated 

 communities, forms states, and founds colonies ; and the ant not 

 only cultivates the soil, plants crops, gathers in the fruits of his 

 labor and stores them for future use, and keeps other insects as 

 domestic cattle, but shares also the vicious propensities and domi- 

 neering disposition of man, waging war on creatures of his own 

 species and holding his prisoners as slaves. 



These habits or customs have the same origin and character in 

 the lower animals as in man, being in both cases products of evo- 

 lution and undergoing modifications from generation to genera- 

 tion. Animal, not less than human, societies are governed by 



