DEESS AND ADORNMENT. 



19: 



stuck over in all directions with, the gall-bladders of animals 

 (Wood). In any collection of articles from. Alaska tribes a 

 large proportion of the specimens will be garments or parapher- 

 nalia of the shaman. A Tlingit shaman fnlly dressed for his 

 professional duties is a striking and terrible sight. Over his 

 shoulders he wears a neat robe of dressed skin, to which are hung 



Fu;. 2. — Shaman's C^own. Alaska. 



the beaks of puffins, ivory charms, and jingling bits of metal. 

 The charms are many of them neatly carved, and possess great 

 spirit power in the cure of disease and the driving out of witches. 

 A waist robe of the same material is adorned in the same way. 

 Upon his head the shaman wears a crown of horns. These crowns 

 are endowed with great spirit power. They are particularly in- 

 teresting also as an unusually fine example of our old law — that 

 old patterns are copied in new materials. The oldest type of these 

 crowns was made from mountain-goat horns. These were simply 

 carved with some design at base and were then attached to a head- 

 band — the upper ends of the horns being connected with one an- 

 other by a sinew cord. From ten to fifteen horns were used in 

 a single crown. Later this type was copied in mountain-sheep 

 horn and in wood — the material being carved out into little 

 bodies, like the horns of the mountain goat in size and shape. 

 Still later copper was rolled into horn-shajjed cones, which were 

 then connected in the same way. Over his face the shaman may 

 wear a wooden mask skillfully carved with grotesque designs. 

 These vary infinitely, but each part usually has its own mean- 

 ing and spirit power. Often there was worn a head-dress of 

 human hair. In the hands the shaman carries carved rattles 



