DRESS AND ADORNMENT. 



19; 



and steel in rites, although the common people use matches. What 

 the Indian medicine-man in Iowa and the Buddhist priest in Japan 

 have done in the matter of fire-making, the priests of the Roman 

 and Greek churches have done in the matter of dress. They have 

 brought down the past into the present. The garments of the 

 priesthood, of the acolytes and of the choir-boys in the cathedral, 

 is the civil dress 

 of ancient Rome 

 — modified, it is 

 true, and symboli- 

 cal in its modifica- 

 tion, but still rec- 

 ognizable. It is 

 the old southern 

 type of dress, pre- 

 served by the sec- 

 ond great con- 

 servative element 

 in society — the 

 Church — just as 

 it has been by that 

 other conservator, 

 woman. 



In many parts 

 of the world men- 

 dicants and fakirs 

 are numerous. 



They are men who on account of their piety expect to be sup- 

 ported by their more industrious but less pious fellows. Such 

 dress in a way to be readily recognized. In the garb they wear 

 two ideas are embodied : (1) individualization ; (3) extreme sim- 

 plicity symbolical of the poverty of the mendicant. 



Another sort of religious dress is that worn by the worshipers 

 of some special divinity by members of religious orders and by 

 participants in some religious service. These are too numerous 

 and varied to be more than mentioned. In some of these cases 

 the dress is symbolical ; in many the symbolism has been lost. 

 Monastic orders have their characteristic dress, distinguishing 

 them alike from the world and from each other. Shakers, Quak- 

 ers, and Dunkards all present examples of this kind of dress. 

 The choir-boys in the cathedral and the acolytes might perhaps 

 be better mentioned here than in the preceding group. Matthews, 

 in his descriptions of Navajo ceremonies and dances, describes 

 carefully the way in which the participants dress or are painted. 

 Many of the masks from the South Sea Islands are used only in 

 religious or society dances, and are properly a part of religious 



Fig. 4. — Carved Spikit-wands. Alaska 



