SKETCH OF RUSSELL H. CHITTENDEN. 119 



peared in January of tlie present year — and is one of its editors. He 

 was one of the original members of the Committee of Fifty for the 

 investigation of the drink problem, and has contributed, with the aid 

 of his coworkers in the physiological laboratory, two important papers 

 containing the results of various researches on the influence of 

 alcoholic drinks upon the chemical processes of digestion, and their 

 effect upon secretion, absorption, etc. He served as one of the 

 vice-presidents of the Congress of American Physicians and Sur- 

 geons, held at Washington, May, 1897, at which he presented a 

 paper on " internal secretions " considered from a chemico-physio- 

 logical point of view. 



Professor Chittenden has always been especially interested in 

 bringing about a wider recognition of the importance of the chemico- 

 physiological side of biology. He regards the physiological side as 

 equally important with the morphological side of biology, but finds 

 only scanty recognition of the fact in too many of the courses in 

 biology, and only rarely tangible evidence of appreciation of the 

 chemical side of physiology; and yet, as he has pointed out in 

 an address before the first Pan-American Medical Congress, held at 

 Washington in 1893, " there is hardly a question either in physiology 

 or in the science or practice of medicine that does not draw to a 

 greater or less extent upon physiological chemistry for its solution. 

 ... In every medical school in the land there should be a well- 

 appointed laboratory for the practice and study of physiological chem- 

 istry in every direction bearing on medical science. So, too, in every 

 well-rounded biological course there should be ample facilities for 

 instruction and experimentation, not only in pure physiology but 

 likewise in physiological chemistry, so that a broader and clearer con- 

 ception of physiology may be obtained than is possible by the pres- 

 entation of a single side of the subject." Professor Chittenden has 

 labored faithfully to embody the principles expressed in these views 

 and give them practical effect in the work of the biological course at 

 Yale University. Morphology, comparative anatomy, general biol- 

 ogy, botany, zoology, etc., are by no means ignored, but physiology 

 and physiological chemistry have been made an integral part of the 

 instruction in biology given to the undergraduate students in the 

 Shefiield Scientific School. 



The importance of physiological chemistry as an adjunct to the 

 medical course is forcibly presented in the address to which we 

 have referred, where the sovereignty of morphology, which had 

 given the course a somewhat unsymmetrical development, is said to 

 have reached its climax, and the clinicians are declared to be '' even 

 now looking to physiological chemistry to aid them in unravel- 

 ing many of the hidden processes of life, thus helping to gain 



