128 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



Starving Time; V, Beginnings of a Commonwealth; VI, A Seminary of 

 Sedition; VII, The Kingdom of Virginia; VIII, The Maryland Palatinate; 

 IX, Leah and Rachel, comprise the first volume, which is illustrated by 

 three maps — Tidewater Virginia, from a sketch by the author; Michael 

 Lok's map, 1582, from Hackluyt's Voyages to America; and the Palatinate 

 of Maryland, from a sketch by the author. In this volume we are brought 

 down to the middle of the seventeenth century. 



Chapter X, on The Coming of tlie Cavaliers, opens the second volume, 

 and the reader's interest deepens as the history proceeds. Not the least of 

 the charms of Professor Fiske's style are the racy comments and the fine 

 observations interspersed throughout the story. Here is one. In speaking 

 of the contrast between the maps of New England and Virginia, he says: 

 "One can not find in all New England a county named from an English 

 sovereign or prince, except Dukes for the island of Martha's Vineyard. . . . 

 But for this one instance we should never know that such a tiling as king- 

 ship had ever existed. As for the names of towns, there is in Massachusetts 

 one Lunenburg, copied in Vermont, and on the map of New England we 

 may find half a dozen Hanovers and Brunswicks, originals and copier. 

 Between this showing and that of Virginia, where the sequence of royal 

 names is full enough to preserve a rude record of the country's expansion, 

 the contrast is surely striking. The difference between the Puritan temper 

 and that of the Cavaliers seems to be written ineffaceably upon the map." 



Now follows a spirited sketch of the Cavalier element in the composition 

 of Old Virginia, and, while deprecating the personal and sectional preju- 

 dices of half a century ago, the author adds: "It is impossible to make any 

 generalization concerning the origin of the white people of the South or of 

 the North, further than to say that their ancestors came from Europe, and 

 a large majority of them from the British Islands." And again: "It is a 

 mistake to suppose that the contrast between Cavaliers and Roundheads 

 was in any wise parallel with the contrast between high-born people and 

 low-born"; and toward the close of the work we come upon the following 

 statement that will doubtless be a surprise to many readers: "A compara- 

 tive survey of Old Virginia's neighboi-s shows how extremely loose and 

 inaccurate is the common habit of alluding to the old Cavalier society of 

 England as if it were characteristic of the Southern States in general. 

 Equally loose and ignoraTit is the habit of alluding to Puritanism as if it 

 were peculiar to New England. In point of fact the Cavalier society was re- 

 produced nowhere save on Chesapeake Bay. On the other hand, the Eng- 

 lish or Independent phase of Puritanism was by no means confined to New 

 England colonies. Three fourths of the people of Maryland were Puritans. 

 English Puritanism, with the closely kindred French Calvinism, swayed 

 South Carolina; and in our concluding chapter we shall see how the 

 Scotch or Presbyterian ])hase of Puritanism extended throughout the whole 

 Appalachian region from Pennsylvania to Georgia, and has exercised in 

 the Southwest an influence always great and often predominant." 



Following the opening chapter upon the Cavaliers is Chapter XT, on 

 Bacon's Rebellion, and like all the rest it is full of interest and instruction; 

 XII is entitled William and Mary; XIII. Maryland's Vicissitudes; XIV, 

 Society in the Old Dominion; XV, The Carolina Frontier; XVI, The 

 Golden Age of Pirates; XVII. From Tidewater to the Mountains. There 

 are three maps— Western Growth of Old Virginia, frontispiece, from a 



