SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE. 



133 



portatiou of fish and fish eggs, spawning 

 seasons, the character of fresh eggs, and 

 periods of incubation are also treated. 



Lieutenant Butts's Manual of Pki/siral 

 Drill * is a useful book generally, and not in 

 the army alone. Its object is to systematize 

 physical training in the army and to furnish 

 a practical guide that will enable any officer 

 to give regular and beneficial instruction to 

 his command. Illustration is largely used, 

 as being the simplest mode of description. 

 The exercises are supposed to be controlled 

 by music, of which two schedules are fur- 

 nished, and are arranged in sets of five each — 

 adapted to other music in many of the drills 

 — and are made to follow one another so 

 closely as to compel the attention of the men 

 and demand concentration of mind upon the 

 work in hand. The work is introduced with 

 brief remarks on the method of instruction, 

 dress, hygiene, bathing, general rules, etc., 

 and includes rifle drill, bar and dumb-bell 

 drill, calisthenics, Indian clubs, running, 

 wall scaling, work with the various articles 

 of gymnastic apparatus, athletic games and 

 contests, and related exercises. The direc- 

 tions are very brief, but plain and explicit. 

 The value of the work depends largely upon 

 the illustrations, a considerable proportion 

 of which are from the life, by instantaneous 

 photography. 



Mr. Tcall recognizes in the beginning of 

 his lessons on Punctuation f the difficulties 

 in the art, and the failure of authors to 

 agree upon a reasonable and consistent sys- 

 tem. It is, in fact, a matter into which the 

 personal equation enters to a much larger 

 extent than is generally suspected. Each 

 writer has his own moods, his own shades of 

 meaning, and his own emphases to express, 

 of which he alone is conscious, but which he 

 wishes to convey to others ; and for this, 

 punctuation is his resource. Hence a punctu- 

 ation pioper for one author might not be 

 suitable to another, even though he may have 

 seemingly the same thoughts, the same words, 

 and the same construction of sentences. 



* Manual of Physical Drill, United States 

 Army. By First Lieutenant Edmund L. Butts. 

 New York : D. Appleton & Co. Pp. 175. Price, 

 SI. 35. 



t Punctuation, with Chapters on Hyphenlza- 

 tion, Capitalization, and Spelling. New York : 

 D. Appleton & Co. Pp. 193. Price, $1. 



There can, therefore, be no hard and-fast 

 rules for the details of punctuation. The 

 effort in Mr. Teall's treatise has been to re- 

 duce the number of actual rules to the fewest 

 possible. Principles have been considered 

 as much as possible, and the rules given are, 

 with the exception of a few that it seemed 

 impossible to reduce to that basis, really 

 concise statements of principle. Much detail 

 that other authors have subjected to special 

 rules thus becomes here mere exemplifica- 

 tion under general rules. 



We have received No. 4 of the second 

 part of Vol. II of the Bulletin of the Geo- 

 logical Institution of the University of Upsala, 

 Sweden, edited by Hj Sjoznen. It contains 

 articles in German on the Cambrian and 

 Silurian phosphorus bearing rocks of Sweden, 

 by John Gunner Anderssen ; Graptohtes, by 

 Carl Wiman ; Peat Bog Investigations, by 

 Rutger Servander and Knut Kjellmark — all 

 accompanied by fine illustrative plates ; and 

 in English, Notes on the Structure and De- 

 velopment of the Turfmorr Stormur in Ges- 

 trikland, by Gustaf Helsing, and Proceed- 

 ings of the Geological Section of the Associ- 

 ation of Natural Science at the University of 

 Upsala. 



The Transactions of the Nineteenth An- 

 nual Meeting of the American Microscopical 

 Society, held at Pittsburg in August, 1896, 

 form a volume of upward of 400 pages, and 

 comprise various papers on Histology, Photo- 

 micography, Astronomical Photography, the 

 Rotifers of Sandusky Bay, Water Supply, 

 the Bacteriology of Diphtheria, and kindred 

 subjects, chiefly in biology ; together with 

 methods of teaching microscopical science. 

 Numerous full-page plate illustrations are 

 given. 



The second part of the voluminous re- 

 port of the United States Commissioner of 

 Education for 1895-'96 contains elaborate 

 summaries of the usual character concerning 

 various educational matters at home and 

 abroad. The first article is on education in 

 Sweden and Iceland. It is followed by brief 

 accounts of upward of fifty institutions char- 

 acterized as "typical," that offer manual 

 or industrial training. Dr. Gabriel Com- 

 parye's criticism of higher and secondary 

 education in the United States is reproduced 

 from his report as delegate to the Chicago 



