PEACE AS A FACTOR IN SOCIAL REFORM. 225 



(Cope), which preyed upon the Western Hadrosaurus mirdbilis 

 (Leidy), and the Cretaceous Lcelaps aquilunguis (Cope) of New 

 Jersey, which preyed upon the Eastern Hadrosaurus Foulkii. 



The lakes were infested with saurians which waded or swam, 

 either or both. These types are represented only in the Jurassic. 

 The Amphicoelhis alius (Cope) was one of the largest of dinosaurs, 

 which waded but never swam. It traveled mainly on the bottom of 

 the lakes, raising its long neck and head occasionally to browse upon 

 the overhanging branches, but never venturing ashore, where its 

 weight would have caused a collapse of its structure. It doubtless 

 could not swim. Amphibious and omnivorous, it ate everything 

 edible it could reach or seize — a saurian in structure, everything in 

 habits. 



The Cretaceous ocean teemed with the serpentlike saurians which 

 form the subject of this article. With the Mesozoic realm ter- 

 minated the period of existence on earth of all the large saurians. 

 In the following Cenozoic realm their successors appear in the di- 

 minutive saurians, snakes, and crocodiles. 



PEACE AS A FACTOR IIST SOCIAL AND POLITICAL 



REFORM. 



By franklin SMITH. 



ONLY by the application of an induction of Herbert Spencer, 

 hardly less important and brilliant than his law of evolution, is 

 it possible to introduce order into the complex and obscure phenom- 

 ena of social and political life, and to distill from them trustworthy 

 guidance for human conduct. In the light of the truth that out of 

 the conflicts of war come one set of thoughts, feelings, and institu- 

 tions, and out of the pursuits of peace come another set entirely 

 different, the complexity and obscurity pass away. To the former 

 we can trace with unerring certainty and precision the intolerance, 

 brutality, dishonesty, and despotism that afflict the world; to the 

 other, the enlightenment, forbearance, integrity, and freedom that 

 give promise of a better day. But because of the flagrant disregard 

 of this truth, not only by the ignorant and demagogic but by the 

 literate and philanthropic, there is the gravest danger of a loss of the 

 achievements of civilization and a restoration of the evils of bar- 

 barism. 



I. 



The facts in support of the militant origin of barbarism and the 

 pacific origin of civilization, like the facts in support of any other 

 VOL. Liii. — 17 



