298 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



criminated by Professor Le Conte. The meclianical rupture of 

 simple organisms is followed by budding on any part, that by bud- 

 ding on a special part, that by the formation of an internal organ, 

 which in a still more advanced stage generates at once male and 

 female cells; differentiated sexual elements are next produced by 

 independent sexual organs, which are ultimately assigned to separate 

 individuals. Asexuality passes through bisexuality into unisexu- 

 ality. 



If the analogy between the individual and the society is much 

 more than an analogy; if it is an identity; if social processes are 

 but a continuation and expansion of animal processes, every one of 

 these transitions should find its counterpart in the genesis of colonies. 

 Coloniology, however, is itself still in the pioneer stage and must be 

 content with hinting at resemblances that future Le Contes will 

 demonstrate. The fission of unicellular organisms is paralleled by 

 the " natural fracture " of Greek and Phoenician urban states. 

 Gemmation at any point finds its analogue in the way by which con- 

 tinental countries plant colonies, or colonies plant fresh colonies, in 

 contiguous territory. Specialized gemmation may have its parallel 

 in the limitation of emigration from maritime countries to certain 

 ports. Internal gemmation may take place in societies when emigra- 

 tion is engineered from within, and the internal bud becomes a 

 sexual organ when emigration agencies are formed. The dominating 

 races — the last conquering immigrants — in any country are the male 

 elements; the subjugated races are the female; emigrants at first 

 are chiefiy of the former, but the latter ultimately join the stream. 

 Lastly, when England sends to the United States its enterprising and 

 Germany its revolutionary citizens, while Celtic Ireland sends, 

 doubtless with many of a different sort, its pick-and-shovel man and 

 its serving woman, there is an approach to the marriage of nations. 

 State union, indeed, for the purpose of propagation took place in 

 very early times. Three Phoenician cities jointly founded a third, 

 where, however, the three colonies led a semi-independent existence 

 side by side. Many Greek colonies were established by two mother 

 cities; but all of these were of the same stock, and their association 

 rather resembled the conjugation of infusorians. Had Corinth (of 

 the masculine Doric race) joined Ionian Miletus in colonizing Sicily, 

 it would have been a true sexual union. 



The acquisition of the secondary sexual attributes by peoples 

 will, no doubt, be yet shown to follow a parallel course to their acqui- 

 sition by the individual. The lowest races seem to be everywhere 

 sexless. The Australians and Fuegians and Veddahs exhibit no 

 masculine qualities; they are not conquering, inventive, progressive. 

 Among the Red Indians we may observe the beginnings of differ- 



