THE EVOLUTION OF COLONIES. 299 



entiation: the Iroquois and tlie Hnrons subjugated otlier tribes, 

 and one such defeated tribe was condemned to be called " women." 

 Both of these peoples, again, voluntarily or not, became females to 

 the invading English and French. The French are still males to 

 the Arabs and Malagasy; they were lately males to the Alsacians 

 and Lorrainers, whom they so impregnated with their civilization 

 that the Germans can only re-Germanize their own countrymen by 

 recolonizing the two provinces. Can a nation lose its sex? Prince 

 Bismarck, who is a noumenalist among statesmen and goes to the root 

 of the matter, as another retired statesman is content with exploring 

 a wide surface, describes the Celts and Slavonians as feminine, while 

 the Germans and English are masculine. Were the French con- 

 quering and creative while they were still led by a Teutonic aris- 

 tocracy; and is it because they deposed their rulers in 1789 and 1830, 

 and allowed the Celtic substratum to come to the surface, that they 

 have lost the leadership of Europe in war, science, and philosophy? 

 Did Spain cut her spermatic nerve, so to speak, when she killed off 

 her Protestants and freethinkers? If it was so, we might describe 

 national sex as being produced by the emergence, commonly the 

 immigration, of a conquering class or race. The effects are very 

 different in different cases. The Hindus imposed their government, 

 language, and religion on the races of India; the Hellenes on the 

 Pelasgians. The Goths and Germans imposed their government and 

 laws on the Iberians and Celts, accepting the language and religion 

 of the indigenes, which, however, were those of Pome. A race may 

 thus be at once male and female, as France receives her militarism 

 and her music from Germany, while she communicates her plastic 

 and literary art. All existing and extinct civilized peoples are or 

 have been bisexual. By the adventurous male elements in them they 

 found pioneer colonies (those of our first or asexual division, which 

 might perhaps have been called male colonies, like certain low or- 

 ganisms). By male and female elements together they build up and 

 organize the higher colonial groups belonging to the second or quasi- 

 sexual division, in which each colony is a more or less complete 

 reproduction of the mother country, and is therefore capable of self- 

 subsistence. Here, again, as in the first, the arrangement is a com- 

 promise between the logical and chronological order. 



1. It may seem an abuse of language or an error in classification 

 to place convict colonies in this division. The foundation of such 

 settlements might rather be considered the expulsion of feculent mat- 

 ter from the social organism than the planting of the healthy germs 

 of a new national life. Yet low as it is — far lower than the higher 

 groups of the pioneer division — the convict colony bears within it 

 the potentiality of complete development. Crime, unhappily, is 



