456 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



of a pioneer existence, and many a silent heroine, the worthy mate 

 of such a settler, has sunk under its privations. 2. The moral 

 attribute most needed is forcefiilness of character. Determination 

 and tenacity, often rising (as lately in Rhodesia) into '* splendid self- 

 reliance " and devotedness, are the notes of the successful colonist 

 now as ever. Will and not intellect is his differentia. 3. Yet high 

 intellect always springs up to meet the demand when new molds of 

 social life are to be framed, and disappears or flows into other chan- 

 nels when the necessity for it vanishes. The group of statesmen 

 who drafted the Constitution of the United States, and the politicians 

 who nursed the Australasian colonies through the perils of infancy, 

 have had few equals. 



IV. A polyp Avill reproduce itself, however small the fragment, 

 if it have within it samples of all the different kinds of cells. A 

 nation, in order to be fully reproduced, must likewise send out repre- 

 sentatives of all its essential classes. 1. Many princes have migrated 

 to ascend a throne, and two have emigrated — a Braganza to Brazil 

 and a Hapsburg to Mexico. 2. Miltiades colonized Thrace, and one 

 of the Bacchiadse colonized Ortygia. C^ounts of the empire settled 

 Davos and other mountain districts in German Switzerland. Hidal- 

 gos and other members of the royal household joined the second ex- 

 pedition of Columbus, and many of the members of the third colony 

 sent out in his time belonged to the best families in the kingdom. 

 Rich nobles sold their estates, as their ancestors had done in the 

 time of the Crusades, to follow Cortez to Mexico and Pizarro to 

 Peru. These two waves spent, the inferior nobility alone hence- 

 forward emigrated. Representatives of the lesser French nobility, 

 like the Barons Poutrincourt and Castin, with Gascon and Xorman 

 cadets, were leading or degenerate colonists in Canada, Avhere also 

 many noble ladies contributed their fortunes or spent their lives in 

 mission work among the Indians. In the seventeenth century a 

 Scottish nobleman (the Earl of Stirling) endeavored to colonize 

 ISTova Scotia, and early in the nineteenth another (the Earl of Sel- 

 kirk) led a colony of fur traders to Red River, having previously 

 made a settlement in Prince Edward Island. Sir T. Temple ruined 

 himself by generous efforts to build up a colony in Kova Scotia, and 

 the story of the gentlemen adventurers in Acadia is long and inter- 

 esting. Some of them, like La Tour, remained in the colony and 

 left descendants. The so-called " nobility " of Carolina toward the 

 end of the seventeenth century was a mere upper class. Even the 

 Virginians, who have boasted of being descendants of the Cavaliers, 

 are stated by Bancroft to have belonged to the middle class. Yet 

 many of the \ojal nobility fled from England after the execution of 

 Charles, and these settled in the Southern States. Penn and Balti- 



