460 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



employment will at any time attract emigrants. The less successful 

 members of the professions naturally look to new emigration fields. 

 Just fifty years ago a young engineer who was crowded out of his 

 profession had resolved to settle in ISTew Zealand, but, receiving a 

 small apppointment, stayed on in England to become the most 

 eminent philosopher of his age. An ex-Lord Chancellor relates that 

 he and another briefless barrister, the present Speaker of the House 

 of Commons, were at one time on the point of emigrating to " the 

 colonies." Some have their career prepared for them before they 

 start: bishops, professors, certain officials and experts generally, the 

 flower of a nation's culture and of late growth, are regularly exported 

 from England to her colonies, and even to the United States. 



2. Human beings are less free to travel than swallows or lem- 

 mings, and they can temper a northern winter by warmer clothing, 

 shelter, and fire. But even so there are many English families and 

 still more individuals who regularly or occasionally hibernate in the 

 Riviera, Algiers, and Egypt. Others expatriate themselves for a time 

 or for life. The Brownings made a home in Florence till the lady's 

 death, and Aristophanic Frere endured lifelong banishment in sun- 

 baked Malta. It is usually to warmer latitudes that migrants move 

 who are " ordered south," but Symonds found health in the snow- 

 clad solitudes of the Engadine. Those who emigrate from such 

 motives are more remarkable for quality than number. The states- 

 manlike organizer of a ISTew Zealand province was a consumptive. 

 Consumption sent Richard Proctor to observe the " larger constella- 

 tions burning " in the " happy skies " of Florida, and thither also 

 bilingual Edmund Montgomery; to Queensland it dispatched Clem- 

 ent Wragge to found Australasian meteorology. The literary 

 worker whose strength has given way rejoices to have escaped from 

 the fogs and darkness, the cold and wet of a London winter, and 

 feels his sense of well-being heightened in the light air and unfailing 

 sunshine of JSTew South Wales. Not invalids only, but almost all, 

 gain by southing. The Sutherlandizing of the north and west of 

 Scotland excited indignation, and the inflamed imagination of the 

 sentimentalist saw " the heather on fire " ; but the Highland crofter 

 who barters his miserable patch in the rainy Hebrides for a farm in 

 ISTatal or Otago makes a blessed exchange. Whole peoples move 

 southward with the slow, resistless motion of the glacier. The pine 

 tree longs for the palm tree, in Heine's song, and the Russian advance 

 toward Constantinople is doubtless accelerated by the snow and ice 

 of the declivity. 



3. Ambition is an old motive for emigration. The Andr^emon 

 or Androclus who led a Greek colony to the shores of Asia Minor 

 intended to remain as its tyr annus; and so have most of the leaders 



