520 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



racial habit of allowing a certain freedom and independence to 

 women has proved stronger in practice than the law of Islam; the 

 intrusive Semite has not been able to inoculate with his ideas the 

 Hamitic ISTorth African. jSTor in " Aryan " Persia, again, has the pro- 

 hibition against Aviue been so successful as elsewhere; while the 

 native artistic and pictorial spirit of the Persian race has made a 

 dead letter of the restriction against fashioning an image of anything 

 that is in heaven above, or in earth beneath, or in the waters that are 

 under the earth. Race, in short, has proved stronger than religion. 

 For the Persians are Shiahs, not orthodox Sunnis; they have trans- 

 formed the materialistic tenets of Islam into a mysticism not far re- 

 moved from that of India or the Buddhists. Who could mistake 

 Omar Khayyam for a mere Mohammedan? 



Very similar ethnical diversities of faith may also be noticed in 

 our own islands. The Anglican church, as a rule, has firmly estab- 

 lished itself in the more Teutonic and southeastern half of Britain 

 alone. The Gaelic Celts, both in Ireland and the Scotch Highlands, 

 have remained Roman Catholic; the Cymric Celts, both in Wales 

 and Cornwall, have adopted Wesleyanism or some emotional form 

 of Protestant nonconformity. Even in England proper it will be 

 found that the Establishment flourishes best in the Teutonic south- 

 east, while dissent is rife in the half-Celtic north, in the Yorkshire 

 dales, in Lancashire, and in the west country. I may add, side by 

 side with these facts, that poets, musicians, and painters spring most 

 frequently in Britain from the Celtic or semi-Celtic north and west, 

 while they are rarer in the Teutonic or Teutonized south and east. 

 Vocalists, in particular, are very frequently Welsh. Even in Lon- 

 don, that vast congeries of mingled races, it is not without reason 

 that nonconformity is led by Cambrians like the Rev. Hugh Price 

 Hughes, and that song is dispensed for us by Mr. Hirwen Jones and 

 Mr. Ben Davies. 



Canon Isaac Taylor has pointed out a still more curious cross- 

 division of Europe as a whole, dependent upon underlying racial 

 features. Two main types of skull are generally distinguished 

 throughout the whole historic and prehistoric period — there are the 

 dolichocephalic or long-headed, and the brachycephalic or short- 

 headed people. " The dolichocephalic Teutonic race," says the 

 learned canon frankly, "is Protestant; the brachycephalic Celto- 

 Slavic race is either Roman Catholic or Greek orthodox. . . . The 

 Teutonic peoples are averse to sacerdotalism, and have shaken off 

 priestly guidance and developed individualism. Protestantism was 

 a revolt against a religion imposed by the South upon the J^orth, 

 but which had never been congenial to the ISTorthern mind. The 

 German princes, who were of purer Teutonic blood than their sub- 



