THE EVOLUTION OF COLONIES. 629 



colleges, the elder as legislators and bishops; there may be land 

 works and water mills, printing presses and newspapers; they may 

 even increase in numbers. When it passes, they sink into parasites. 

 Like other parasites, they lose their original characteristics. The 

 Talleyrands and Metternichs whom Bishoj) Hadfield was acquainted 

 with in ]^ew Zealand, and the chiefs whom Maning found as great in 

 their own world as Pompeiiis and Caesar in theirs, have disappeared 

 like those ancient worthies. The Maori can no longer wield the 

 mere nor the Australian the boomerang. 



III. The destructive effect of the parasite on its host has its 

 parallel in the reaction on the individuals of higher races who come 

 in contact with the indigenes. The residence of some of these pre- 

 cedes systematic colonization. Of one hundred and fifty pahehas 

 scattered over the Xorth Island of New Zealand before it was an- 

 nexed — runaway sailors, escaped convicts, and other loose characters 

 — the best known was one Rutherford, an English sailor, whom the 

 Maoris forced to stay with them, tattooed, gave two daughters of a 

 chief to wife, and kept am.ong them for years, living in all outward 

 respects like a savage, till at last he made his escape. That he did not 

 quite sink spiritually to the level of his captors is shown by the in- 

 teresting account of their habits and customs which he dictated to 

 Prof. G. L. Craik, afterward incorporated by him in his valuable 

 New-Zealanders of 1830. In every way the most remarkable was the 

 famous Frederick Edward Maning. What motive — whim, disap- 

 pointment, disgust with civilization, or latent savagery in himself — 

 induced an educated man of superior abilities to cast in his lot with 

 a race of cannibals has not transpired. A son of Anak, and possessing 

 rare force of character, he was able for many years to hold his own in 

 a community whose laws were more terrible than lawlessness. Such 

 a man can never have been other than an alien at heart, but with his 

 Maori wives, and conforming to Maori usages (cannibalism, it is to be 

 hoped, excepted), he was outwardly a barbarian. lie too broke away 

 at last, and when colonization advanced, his knowledge and experi- 

 ence amply fitted him for the difiicult post of a native land court 

 judge. It fitted him still better for writing the most vivid account of 

 a native race that has ever been thrown into literature. A more 

 pathetic case is that of a professor of classics in Columbia College, 

 New York, who, from disgust with the world, led a life of savage 

 isolation in Queensland, where fifteen years ago he was speared by 

 the blacks. The North American continent has seen crowds of such 

 men. Daniel Boone was a type of the trapper who was half Indian. 

 General Sam Houston, who had been adopted by the Cherokees as 

 a boy, returned to his adopted father's tribe after he had made him- 

 self unpopular in Congress, assumed its dress, and lived with it for 



